Ka hopena anti-malaria o artemisinin

[Nānā nui]
ʻO Artemisinin (QHS) kahi moʻolelo sesquiterpene lactone i loaʻa i kahi alahaka peroxy i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau Kina ʻo Artemisia annua L. ʻO Artemisinin kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa, kiʻekiʻe ka hana a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻona.Loaʻa iā ia ka anti-tumor, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, a me nā hopena pharmacological e hoʻonui i ka pale.Loaʻa iā ia nā hopena kūikawā ma ke ʻano o ka lolo a me ka hoʻomāinoino.ʻO ia wale nō ka lāʻau anti-malarial i ʻike ʻia ma Kina.Ua lilo ia i lāʻau kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi malaria i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka World Health Organization.
[Nā waiwai kino a me kemika]
ʻO Artemisinin kahi aniani nila kala ʻole me kahi helu heheʻe o 156 ~ 157 ° C. He maʻalahi hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate a me benzene.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ethanol, etera, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i loko o ka petroleum etera anuanu, a aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.Ma muli o kāna hui peroxy kūikawā, ʻaʻole paʻa i ka wela a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka mana o ka wai, wela a me nā mea hoʻemi.
[Pharmacological hana]
1. ʻO ka hopena anti-malarial Artemisinin he mau waiwai pharmacological kūikawā a he hopena therapeutic maikaʻi loa i ka malaria.I ka hana antimalarial o artemisinin, artemisinin ka mea e hoʻopau piha ai i ke ʻano o ka ilo ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana membrane-mitochondrial o ka malaria parasite.ʻO ka loiloi nui o kēia kaʻina hana penei: ʻo ka hui peroxy i loko o ka molecular structure o artemisinin e hoʻohua i nā radical manuahi ma o ka oxidation, a hoʻopaʻa nā radical manuahi i ka protein malaria, a laila e hana ana i ka hana membrane o ka protozoa parasitic, e luku ana i ka membrane, membrane nuklea a me ka membrane plasma.Ua pehu ka mitochondria a ua wehe ʻia nā membrane o loko a me waho, e hoʻopau ana i ke ʻano o ke kelepona a me ka hana o ka malaria parasite.Ma kēia kaʻina hana, pili pū nā chromosomes i loko o ka nucleus o ka malaria parasite.Hōʻike ka nānā ʻana i ka microscopy optical a me ka electron e hiki ke komo pololei i ka artemisinin i ke ʻano o ka membrane o Plasmodium, hiki iā ia ke pale pono i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai o Plasmodium hilinaʻi ʻia i ka puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a no laila ke keʻakeʻa nei i ka hana membrane-mitochondrial o Plasmodium ( Ma mua o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i kāna. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka artemisinin e hoʻemi nui i ka nui o ka isoleucine i ʻai ʻia e Plasmodium, a laila e kāohi ai i ka synthesis o nā protein i loko o Plasmodium.
Eia kekahi, pili pū ka hopena antimalarial o artemisinin i ke kaomi oxygen, a ʻo ke kaomi oxygen kiʻekiʻe e hoʻemi i ka ʻike kūpono o artemisinin ma P. falciparum moʻomeheu in vitro.ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi malaria e artemisinin ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua ʻano, ʻo ka hoʻopau pololei ʻana i ka maʻi malaria;ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻopōʻino i ke koko ʻulaʻula o ka malaria parasite, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka make ʻana o ka malaria parasite.ʻO ka hopena antimalarial o artemisinin he hopena pepehi pololei ma ka pae erythrocyte o Plasmodium.ʻAʻohe hopena koʻikoʻi ma nā pae pre-a me extra-erythrocytic.ʻAʻole like me nā lāʻau antimalarial ʻē aʻe, hilinaʻi nui ke ʻano antimalarial o artemisinin i ka peroxyl i loko o ka molecular structure o artemisinin.ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā pūʻulu peroxyl kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana antimalarial o artemisinin.Inā ʻaʻohe pūʻulu peroxide, e nalowale ka artemisinin i kāna hana antimalarial.No laila, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he pili pili loa ke ʻano antimalarial o artemisinin i ka hopena decomposition o nā hui peroxyl.Ma waho aʻe o kāna hopena pepehi maikaʻi i nā maʻi malaria, loaʻa i ka artemisinin kekahi hopena pale i nā parasite ʻē aʻe.
2. He hopena anti-tumor ʻo Artemisinin he mau hopena hoʻopaneʻe i ka ulu ʻana o nā pūnaʻi maʻi ʻaʻai like ʻole e like me nā maʻi maʻi ate, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi umauma a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi cervical.Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi ʻana he like ka hana o ka artemisinin i ka maʻi maʻi a me ka anticancer, ʻo ia hoʻi, anti-malarial a me anti-cancer e nā radical manuahi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā uwapo peroxy i loko o ka molecular structure o artemisinin.A ʻo ka derivative artemisinin hoʻokahi ke koho ʻia no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā puʻupuʻu tumo.ʻO ka hana o artemisinin ma nā pūnaewele maʻi e hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka apoptosis cell e hoʻopau ai i ka pepehi ʻana i nā ʻōpū tumo.Ma ka hopena antimalarial like, ke kāohi nei ka dihydroartemisinin i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā mea hoʻoulu hypoxia ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hui oxygen reactive.No ka laʻana, ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka membrane cell o nā maʻi leukemia, hiki i ka artemisinin ke hoʻonui i ka neʻe ʻana o ka calcium intracellular ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka permeability o kāna membrane cell, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻāla wale i ka calpain i loko o nā cell leukemia, akā hoʻoikaika pū i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea apoptotic.E hoʻoikaika i ke kaʻina hana o ka apoptosis.
3. Nā hopena Immunomodulatory He hopena hoʻoponopono ʻo Artemisinin i ka ʻōnaehana pale.Ma lalo o ke kūlana ʻaʻole hiki i ke ʻano o ka artemisinin a me kāna mau derivatives ke kumu o ka cytotoxicity, hiki i ka artemisinin ke kāohi maikaʻi i ka T lymphocyte mitogen, a no laila hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā lymphocytes spleen i nā ʻiole.Hiki i ka Artesunate ke hoʻonui i ka hana hoʻopiha piha o ka serum kiole ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hopena o ka pale ʻole kikoʻī.Hiki i ka dihydroartemisinin ke pale pololei i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā lymphocytes B a hoʻemi i ka huna ʻana o nā autoantibodies e nā lymphocytes B, no laila ke kāohi nei i ka pane kūlohelohe humoral.
4. Ka hana antifungal Hōʻike ʻia ka hana antifungal o artemisinin i kona pale ʻana i nā fungi.ʻO Artemisinin slag pauka a me ka decoction he mau hopena pale ikaika ma Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus anthracis, diphtheria a me catarrhalis, a he mau hopena kekahi ma Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis a me Staphylococcus aureus.Kāohi.
5. Anti-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia hopena Artemisinin nui luku i ka hale o Pneumocystis carinii membrane nenoaiu, kumu vacuoles i loko o ka cytoplasm a me ka pūʻolo o sporozoite trophozoites, mitochondria pehu, nuklea membrane rupture, pehu o ka endoplasmic retisular pilikia a me ka Intrastruction destruction pilikia e like me ka destruction. nā hoʻololi ultrastructural.
6. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Artemisinin ka hopena anti-pregnancy loaʻa i nā meaʻawaʻawa koho kiʻekiʻe i nā embryos.Hiki i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke make nā embryos a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana.Hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia e like me nā lāʻau hoʻohemo.
7. Anti-Schistosomiasis ʻO ka hui hoʻoikaika anti-schistosomiasis he alahaka peroxy, a ʻo kāna hana lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopilikia i ka metabolism kō o ka ilo.
8. Nā hopena maʻi maʻi maʻi hiki i ka Artemisinin ke pale nui i ka arrhythmia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ligation o ke aʻa coronary, hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka arrhythmia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka calcium chloride a me ka chloroform, a hoʻemi nui i ka fibrillation ventricular.
9. Anti-fibrosis Ua pili ia i ke kāohi ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka fibroblast, e hoʻemi ana i ka synthesis collagen, a me ka decomposition collagen anti-histamine-induced.
10. Nā hopena ʻē aʻe He hopena pale nui ko Dihydroartemisinin i ka Leishmania donovani a pili pū ʻia.ʻO Artemisia annua extract kekahi e pepehi iā Trichomonas vaginalis a me lysate amoeba trophozoites.