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Fiye da shekara guda, Adeola Fowotade tana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar mutane aikin gwaji na asibiti na COVID-19. A matsayinta na likitan ilimin cututtukan ƙwayar cuta a Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, Najeriya, ta shiga cikin ƙoƙarin a watan Agusta 2020 don gwada ingancin cutar. Manufarta ita ce ta nemo masu aikin sa kai guda 50 - mutanen da aka gano suna dauke da COVID-19 wadanda ke da matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa matsananciyar bayyanar cututtuka da kuma wadanda za su iya amfana daga hadaddiyar magungunan. a watan Janairu da Fabrairu.Bayan watanni takwas, ta dauki ma'aikata 44 kawai.
"Wasu marasa lafiya sun ki shiga cikin binciken lokacin da aka tuntube su, wasu kuma sun yarda su dakatar da rabi a cikin gwaji," in ji Fowotade. Da zarar adadin shari'ar ya fara raguwa a watan Maris, ya kasance kusan ba zai yiwu a sami mahalarta ba. Wannan ya sa gwajin, sananne. kamar yadda NACOVID, ke da wuyar kammalawa.” Ba za mu iya cika girman samfurin da muka tsara ba,” in ji ta. An kammala shari’ar a watan Satumba kuma ta gaza cimma burin daukar ma’aikata.
Matsalolin Fowotade sun yi kama da matsalolin da wasu gwaji ke fuskanta a Afirka - babbar matsala ce ga kasashen nahiyar da ba su da isassun allurar rigakafin COVID-19. A Najeriya, kasar da ta fi yawan jama'a a nahiyar, kashi 2.7 na mutane ne a kalla a kalla. An yi wa kashi 70% na al'ummar nahiyar allurar riga-kafi.Wannan ya yi kasa da matsakaicin matsakaicin kasashe masu karamin karfi.Kiyasi sun nuna cewa kasashen Afirka ba za su sami isassun allurai da za su iya yi wa kashi 70% na al'ummar nahiyar gaba daya ba har sai a kalla Satumba 2022.
Duk da cewa an yi amfani da magunguna irin su monoclonal antibodies ko maganin remdesivir a cikin ƙasashe masu arziki a wajen Afirka, waɗannan magungunan suna buƙatar gudanar da su a asibitoci kuma suna da tsada. ba da lasisin maganinta na molnupiravir na kwaya ga masana'antun inda za a iya amfani da shi sosai, amma tambayoyi sun kasance game da nawa za a kashe idan aka amince da su. Sakamakon haka, Afirka na samun magunguna masu araha, masu sauƙi waɗanda za su iya rage alamun COVID-19, rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. nauyin cututtuka akan tsarin kiwon lafiya, da rage mace-mace.
Wannan binciken ya ci karo da cikas da yawa. Daga cikin kusan gwaje-gwaje 2,000 a halin yanzu da ke binciken jiyya na COVID-19, kusan 150 ne kawai aka yi rajista a Afirka, mafi yawan a Masar da Afirka ta Kudu, a cewar clinicaltrials.gov, wani bayanan da United ta gudanar. Jihohi.Rashin gwaji matsala ce, in ji Adeniyi Olagunju, masanin harhada magunguna a Jami'ar Liverpool da ke Burtaniya kuma jagoran bincike na NACOVID. “Ƙara wannan ga ƙarancin samar da alluran rigakafin,” in ji Oragonju.” Fiye da kowace nahiya, Afirka na buƙatar ingantaccen maganin COVID-19 a matsayin zaɓi.”
Wasu kungiyoyi suna ƙoƙarin gyara wannan gibin.ANTICOV, shirin da ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu ta Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) ta haɗa, a halin yanzu shine gwaji mafi girma a Afirka. Yana gwada zaɓuɓɓukan magani da wuri don COVID-19 a cikin biyu. Ƙungiyoyin gwaji.Wani binciken da ake kira Repurposing Anti-Infectives for COVID-19 Therapy (ReACT) - wanda gidauniyar ba da riba mai zaman kanta Medicines for Malaria Venture - za ta gwada aminci da ingancin sake dawo da magunguna a Afirka ta Kudu. Amma ƙalubalen tsari, rashi na ababen more rayuwa, da matsaloli wajen daukar mahalarta gwaji sune manyan cikas ga wadannan kokarin.
"A yankin kudu da hamadar sahara, tsarin kula da lafiyar mu ya durkushe," in ji Samba Sow, shugaban bincike na kasa a ANTICOV a Mali. Hakan ya sa gwaji ya zama mai wahala, amma ya fi zama dole, musamman wajen gano magungunan da za su iya taimakawa mutane a farkon farkon cutar. da kuma hana kai asibiti. Ga shi da wasu da yawa da ke nazarin cutar, tseren mutuwa ne.” Ba za mu iya jira har sai marar lafiya ya yi rashin lafiya sosai,” in ji shi.
Kwayar cutar sankara ta coronavirus ta haɓaka binciken asibiti a cikin nahiyar Afirka. Masanin rigakafin cutar Duduzile Ndwandwe ya bi diddigin bincike kan jiyya na gwaji a Cochrane Afirka ta Kudu, wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke bitar shaidar kiwon lafiya, kuma ya ce Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry ya yi rajistar gwaji na asibiti 606 a cikin 2020 , idan aka kwatanta da 2019 408 (duba 'Gwajin Lafiya a Afirka').Ya zuwa watan Agustan wannan shekara, ta yi rajistar gwaji 271, ciki har da alluran rigakafi da gwajin magunguna.Ndwandwe ya ce: "Mun ga gwaji da yawa na fadada iyakokin COVID-19."
Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a yi gwajin maganin cutar coronavirus ba. A cikin Maris 2020, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kaddamar da gwajin hadin gwiwa, wani bincike na duniya kan yuwuwar jiyya guda hudu na COVID-19. Kasashen Afirka biyu ne kawai suka shiga kashi na farko na binciken. .Kalubalen isar da kiwon lafiya ga majinyata marasa lafiya ya hana yawancin ƙasashe shiga, in ji Quarraisha Abdool Karim, masanin cututtukan cututtuka a Jami'ar Columbia a birnin New York, da ke Durban, Afirka ta Kudu. "Wannan wata muhimmiyar dama ce da aka rasa." Ta ce, amma ya kafa mataki don ƙarin gwajin jiyya na COVID-19. A watan Agusta, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta sanar da mataki na gaba na gwajin haɗin kai, wanda zai gwada wasu magunguna uku. Wasu ƙasashen Afirka biyar sun shiga.
Gwajin NACOVID da Fowotade ya yi na da nufin gwada maganin hadewa a kan mutane 98 a Ibadan da wasu shafuka uku a Najeriya. Mutanen da aka gudanar da binciken an ba su magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta atazanavir da ritonavir, da kuma maganin rigakafin parasitic da ake kira nitazoxanide. ba a hadu ba, Olagunju ya ce rundunar na shirya wani littafi don bugawa kuma yana fatan bayanan za su samar da wasu bayanai kan ingancin maganin.
Gwajin ReACT na Afirka ta Kudu, wanda kamfanin samar da magunguna na Koriya ta Kudu Shin Poong Pharmaceutical ya dauki nauyinsa, yana da nufin gwada hadewar magunguna guda hudu: maganin zazzabin cizon sauro artesunate-amodiaquine da pyrrolidine-artesunate;Favipiravir, maganin rigakafin mura da aka yi amfani da shi tare da nitre;da sofosbuvir da daclatasvir, maganin rigakafi da aka saba amfani da shi don magance cutar hanta.
Yin amfani da magungunan da aka sake amfani da su yana da matukar sha'awa ga masu bincike da yawa saboda yana iya zama hanya mafi dacewa don gano magunguna da sauri da za a iya rarrabawa cikin sauƙi.Rashin samar da kayan aikin bincike, ci gaba da masana'antu na Afirka yana nufin ƙasashe ba za su iya gwada sababbin mahadi da magunguna masu yawa ba. .Wadannan yunƙurin na da matukar muhimmanci, in ji Nadia Sam-Agudu, kwararriyar cututtukan cututtuka na yara a Jami'ar Maryland da ke aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Dan Adam da ke Abuja." maiyuwa [dakatar da] ci gaba da watsawa," in ji ta.
An kaddamar da gwajin mafi girma a nahiyar, ANTICOV a watan Satumba na 2020 da fatan cewa tun da wuri zai iya hana COVID-19 daga mamaye tsarin kula da lafiya na Afirka. Faso, Guinea, Mali, Ghana, Kenya da Mozambique. Tana da niyyar daukar mahalarta 3,000 a kasashe 13.
Wani ma'aikaci a wata makabarta a Dakar, Senegal, a watan Agusta a matsayin bullar cutar COVID-19 karo na uku.
ANTICOV tana gwada ingancin magungunan haɗin gwiwa guda biyu waɗanda suka sami gaurayawan sakamako a wasu wurare.Na farko ya haɗu da nitazoxanide tare da ciclesonide inhaled, corticosteroid da ake amfani da shi don maganin asma.Na biyu ya haɗa artesunate-amodiaquine tare da maganin antiparasitic ivermectin.
Amfani da ivermectin a cikin magungunan dabbobi da kuma kula da wasu cututtuka na wurare masu zafi da aka yi watsi da su a cikin mutane ya haifar da cece-kuce a kasashe da yawa. Jama'a da 'yan siyasa sun bukaci amfani da shi don magance COVID-19 saboda rashin isassun hujjoji da hujjoji na kimiyya game da ingancin sa. Wasu daga cikin Bayanan da ke goyan bayan amfani da shi yana da shakku.A Masar, wani babban binciken da ke tallafawa amfani da ivermectin a cikin marasa lafiya na COVID-19 an cire shi ta hanyar sabar da aka buga bayan an buga shi a cikin zargin rashin bin ka'ida da kuma satar bayanai.(Marubutan binciken sun yi jayayya da cewa Masu wallafa ba su ba su damar kare kansu ba.) Wani nazari na yau da kullum na Cochrane Diseases Group ya gano babu wata shaida da za ta goyi bayan amfani da ivermectin wajen maganin kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 (M. Popp et al. Cochrane Database). Syst. Rev. 7, CD015017; 2021).
Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, wacce ke gudanar da kamfen na DNDi na COVID-19, ta ce akwai halalcin dalili na gwada maganin a Afirka. Ita da abokan aikinta suna fatan zai iya zama maganin kumburi idan aka sha shi da maganin zazzabin cizon sauro. gano cewa yana da rashi, DNDi yana shirye don gwada wasu kwayoyi.
"Batun ivermectin an siyasantar da shi," in ji Salim Abdool Karim, masanin cututtukan cututtuka kuma darektan Cibiyar Nazarin AIDS ta Durban a Afirka ta Kudu (CAPRISA)." , to yana da kyau.”
Dangane da bayanan da ake samu har zuwa yau, haɗin nitazoxanide da ciclesonide yana da kyau, in ji Strub-Wourgaft. -Wourgaft ya ce ANTICOV na shirin gwada sabon hannu kuma za ta ci gaba da amfani da makamai biyu na magani.
Fara gwaji ya kasance ƙalubale, har ma ga DNDi tare da ƙwarewar aiki mai yawa a nahiyar Afirka. Amincewa da tsarin mulki babban matsala ne, in ji Strub-Wourgaft.Saboda haka, ANTICOV, tare da haɗin gwiwar WHO's African Vaccine Regulatory Forum (AVAREF), ya kafa wani gaggawa. hanya don gudanar da nazarin haɗin gwiwa na nazarin asibiti a cikin kasashe na 13. Wannan na iya ƙaddamar da ka'idoji da kuma yarda da ka'idoji. "Yana ba mu damar hada jihohi, masu mulki da kuma mambobin kwamitin nazarin da'a," in ji Strub-Wourgaft.
Nick White, kwararre a fannin likitanci na wurare masu zafi wanda ke shugabantar kungiyar COVID-19 Clinical Research Consortium, hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa don nemo mafita ga COVID-19 a cikin kasashe masu karamin karfi, ya ce yayin da shirin na WHO ya yi kyau, amma har yanzu yana daukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin a samu amincewa. , da kuma bincike a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga ya fi bincike a kasashe masu arziki.Dalilan sun hada da tsauraran tsarin mulki a wadannan kasashe, da kuma hukumomin da ba su da kyau wajen gudanar da bincike na ka'idoji da ka'idoji. Dole ne a canza, Fari. "Idan kasashe suna son nemo mafita ga COVID-19, ya kamata su taimaka wa masu binciken su yin binciken da ya dace, kar su hana su."
Amma kalubalen bai tsaya nan ba. Da zarar an fara gwajin, rashin kayan aiki da wutar lantarki na iya kawo cikas ga ci gaba, in ji Fowotade.Ta adana samfuran COVID-19 a cikin injin daskarewa -20 ° C lokacin da wutar lantarki ta ƙare a asibitin Ibadan. kuma yana buƙatar jigilar samfuran zuwa Cibiyar Ed, tafiyar awa biyu, don bincike. "A wasu lokuta ina damuwa game da amincin samfuran da aka adana," in ji Fowotade.
Olagunju ya kara da cewa lokacin da wasu jihohi suka daina ba da tallafin cibiyoyin keɓewar COVID-19 a asibitocin su, ɗaukar mahalarta gwaji ya zama mafi wahala. Idan ba tare da waɗannan albarkatu ba, marasa lafiya waɗanda za su iya biyan kuɗi ne kawai ake shigar da su.” Mun fara gwajin mu ne bisa tsarin ilimin gwamnati a cikin. kula da kudade keɓewa da cibiyoyin kulawa.Babu wanda ya yi tsammanin za a katse shi,” in ji Olagunju.
Ko da yake gabaɗaya tana da wadataccen albarkatu, amma a bayyane yake Najeriya ba ta cikin ƙungiyar ta ANTICOV.” Kowa na gujewa gwajin asibiti a Najeriya saboda ba mu da ƙungiyar,” in ji Oyewale Tomori, masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma shugaban Kwamitin ba da shawara kan COVID-19 na Najeriya. Kwamitin Kwararru, wanda ke aiki don gano ingantattun dabaru da mafi kyawun ayyuka don magance COVID-19.
Babatunde Salako, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Likitoci ta Najeriya da ke Legas, ya ki amincewa da hakan.Salako ya ce Najeriya na da ilimin gudanar da gwaje-gwajen asibiti, da kuma daukar ma’aikata a asibiti da kuma kwamitin nazarin da’a wanda ke gudanar da amincewa da gwajin asibiti a Najeriya.” sharuddan kayayyakin more rayuwa, a, yana iya zama rauni;har yanzu yana iya tallafawa gwaji na asibiti," in ji shi.
Ndwandwe yana son ƙarfafa ƙarin masu bincike na Afirka don shiga cikin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti don 'yan ƙasa su sami damar yin daidai da hanyoyin da za su dace. Gwajin gida na iya taimaka wa masu bincike su gano magunguna masu amfani. Za su iya magance takamaiman bukatu a cikin ƙananan kayan aiki da kuma taimakawa wajen inganta sakamakon lafiya, in ji Hellen Mnjalla. , Manajan gwaji na asibiti don Shirin Bincike na Wellcome Trust a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kenya a Kilifi.
Ndwandwe ya kara da cewa "COVID-19 sabuwar cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa, don haka muna bukatar gwaji na asibiti don fahimtar yadda wadannan ayyukan za su yi aiki a cikin al'ummar Afirka."
Salim Abdul Karim yana fatan rikicin zai zaburar da masana kimiya na Afirka su gina wasu kayayyakin aikin bincike da aka gina don yakar cutar kanjamau.” Wasu kasashe kamar Kenya, Uganda da Afirka ta Kudu sun sami ci gaba sosai.Amma ba a samun ci gaba a wasu fannonin,” inji shi.
Don ƙarfafa gwajin asibiti na COVID-19 a Afirka, Salim Abdool Karim ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar hukuma kamar Consortium for Clinical Trials of COVID-19 Vaccines (CONCVACT; wanda Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka ta ƙirƙira a cikin Yuli 2020) Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka - kungiyar da ke wakiltar kasashe mambobin Afirka 55 - ta dauki nauyin wannan nauyi. Inji salim Abdul Karim.
Za a iya shawo kan cutar ta COVID-19 ta hanyar hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa da hadin gwiwa na adalci, in ji Sow.” A yakin duniya na da cututtuka masu yaduwa, kasa ba za ta taba zama ita kadai ba - har ma da nahiya," in ji shi.
11/10/2021 Bayani: Wani sigar farko na wannan labarin ya bayyana cewa DNdi ne ke tafiyar da shirin ANTICOV. A haƙiƙa, DNDi tana daidaita ANTICOV, wanda abokan hulɗa 26 ke tafiyar da ita.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-07-2022