[Bayyanawa]
Artemisinin (QHS) wani labari ne na sesquiterpene lactone wanda ke ɗauke da gadar peroxy da aka keɓe daga magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin yana da tsari na musamman, babban inganci da ƙarancin guba.Yana da anti-tumo, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, da kuma rigakafi-inhave pharmacological effects.Yana da tasiri na musamman akan cin zarafi na nau'in ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma mummuna.Shi ne kawai maganin zazzabin cizon sauro da aka amince da shi a duniya a kasar Sin.Ya zama maganin da ya dace don maganin zazzabin cizon sauro da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar.
[Kayan Jiki da sinadarai]
Artemisinin shine lu'ulu'un allura mara launi tare da ma'anar narkewa na 156 ~ 157 ° C. Yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate da benzene.Yana da narkewa a cikin ethanol, ether, dan kadan mai narkewa a cikin ether mai sanyi, kuma kusan ba zai iya narkewa cikin ruwa.Saboda rukuni na musamman na peroxy, ba shi da kwanciyar hankali don zafi kuma yana sauƙi bazuwa ta hanyar tasirin rigar, zafi da rage abubuwa.
[Pharmacological mataki]
1. Tasirin rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro Artemisinin yana da kaddarorin magunguna na musamman kuma yana da tasirin warkewa sosai akan zazzabin cizon sauro.A cikin aikin antimalarial na artemisinin, artemisinin yana haifar da cikakkiyar rushewar tsarin tsutsa ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da aikin membrane-mitochondrial na ƙwayar cutar malaria.Babban nazarin wannan tsari shine kamar haka: rukunin peroxy a cikin tsarin kwayoyin artemisinin yana haifar da radicals kyauta ta hanyar iskar oxygen, kuma radicals na kyauta suna ɗaure da furotin na cizon sauro, ta haka yana aiki akan tsarin membrane na parasitic protozoa, yana lalata membrane. makaman nukiliya da kuma membrane na plasma.Mitochondria ya kumbura kuma membranes na ciki da na waje sun rabu, a ƙarshe suna lalata tsarin salula da aikin ƙwayar cutar malaria.A cikin wannan tsari, chromosomes da ke cikin tsakiya na kwayar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro kuma suna shafar su.Bayanan gani da na'urorin lantarki sun nuna cewa artemisinin na iya shiga cikin tsarin membrane na Plasmodium kai tsaye, wanda zai iya toshe samar da abinci mai gina jiki na kwayar cutar jan jini mai dogara da Plasmodium, kuma ta haka yana tsoma baki tare da aikin membrane-mitochondrial na Plasmodium (maimakon damun ta. Folate metabolism, a karshe yana haifar da rugujewar kwayar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro gaba daya.Shafin artemisinin kuma yana rage yawan isoleucine da Plasmodium ke ciki, ta yadda zai hana hada proteins a cikin Plasmodium.
Bugu da ƙari, tasirin antimalarial na artemisinin yana da alaƙa da matsa lamba na oxygen, kuma yawan iskar oxygen zai rage tasiri mai tasiri na artemisinin akan P. falciparum al'ada a cikin vitro.Lalacewar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar artemisinin ya kasu kashi biyu, daya shine ya lalata kwayar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro kai tsaye;na biyu kuma yana lalata jajayen kwayoyin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar kwayar cutar.Sakamakon antimalarial na artemisinin yana da tasirin kisa kai tsaye akan tsarin erythrocyte na Plasmodium.Babu wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan matakan pre- da extra-erythrocytic.Ba kamar sauran magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro ba, tsarin rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro na artemisinin ya dogara da farko akan peroxyl a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halittar artemisinin.Kasancewar ƙungiyoyin peroxyl suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan antimalarial na artemisinin.Idan babu rukuni na peroxide, artemisinin zai rasa aikin maganin maleriya.Sabili da haka, ana iya cewa tsarin antimalarial na artemisinin yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da lalata halayen ƙungiyoyin peroxyl.Baya ga kyakkyawan tasirinsa na kisa akan cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro, artemisinin kuma yana da wani tasirin hanawa akan sauran cututtuka.
2. Anti-tumor sakamako Artemisinin yana da fili hanawa effects a kan ci gaban daban-daban ƙari Kwayoyin kamar hanta ciwon daji Kwayoyin, nono kansa Kwayoyin da kuma mahaifa cancer Kwayoyin.Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa artemisinin yana da irin wannan hanyar da za a iya magance cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma maganin ciwon daji, wato, maganin zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma ciwon daji ta hanyar free radicals da aka haifar ta hanyar gadar peroxy a cikin tsarin kwayoyin artemisinin.Kuma nau'in artemisinin iri ɗaya shine zaɓi don hana nau'ikan ƙwayoyin ƙari daban-daban.Ayyukan artemisinin akan ƙwayoyin ƙari ya dogara ne akan shigar da apoptosis tantanin halitta don kammala kashe ƙwayoyin tumor.A cikin sakamako iri ɗaya na maganin zazzabin cizon sauro, dihydroartemisinin yana hana kunna abubuwan haifar da hypoxia ta hanyar haɓaka rukunin oxygen mai amsawa.Alal misali, bayan yin aiki a kan membrane cell na cutar sankarar bargo, artemisinin na iya ƙara yawan ƙwayar calcium ta cikin salula ta hanyar canza ma'auni na membrane cell, wanda ba kawai kunna calpain a cikin kwayoyin cutar sankarar bargo ba, har ma yana inganta sakin abubuwan apoptotic.Saurin aiwatar da apoptosis.
3. Immunomodulatory effects Artemisinin yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan tsarin rigakafi.A karkashin yanayin cewa adadin artemisinin da abubuwan da suka samo asali ba su haifar da cytotoxicity ba, artemisinin zai iya hana T lymphocyte mitogen da kyau, kuma ta haka zai iya haifar da karuwar ƙwayoyin lymphocytes a cikin mice.Artesunate na iya ƙara jimlar aikin haɗin gwiwar ƙwayar linzamin kwamfuta ta hanyar haɓaka tasirin rigakafin da ba na musamman ba.Dihydroartemisinin na iya hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin lymphocytes B kai tsaye kuma ya rage fitar da autoantibodies ta B lymphocytes, ta haka ya hana amsawar rigakafi ta humoral.
4. Ayyukan antifungal Ayyukan antifungal na artemisinin yana nunawa a cikin hanawar fungi.Artemisinin slag foda da decoction suna da tasirin hanawa mai karfi akan Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus anthracis, diphtheria da catarrhalis, kuma suna da wasu tasiri akan Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella, Mycobacterium tarin fuka da Staphylococcus aureus.Hani.
5. Anti-Pneumocystis carinii ciwon huhu sakamako Artemisinin yafi lalata tsarin pneumocystis carinii membrane tsarin, haifar da vacuoles a cikin cytoplasm da kunshin sporozoite trophozoites, mitochondria kumburi, makaman nukiliya fashewa, kumburi da endoplasmic reticulum matsaloli, ciki har da discapsolula. ultrastructural canje-canje.
6. Tasirin hana daukar ciki kwayoyi Artemisinin suna da babban zaɓi mai guba ga embryos.Ƙananan allurai na iya haifar da embryos su mutu kuma suna haifar da zubar da ciki.Ana iya haɓaka shi azaman magungunan zubar da ciki.
7. Anti-Schistosomiasis Ƙungiyar anti-schistosomiasis mai aiki gada ce ta peroxy, kuma tsarin maganinta shine ya shafi metabolism na sukari na tsutsa.
8. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya Artemisinin na iya hana arrhythmia da ke haifar da ligation na jijiyoyin jini, wanda zai iya jinkirta farawar arrhythmia ta hanyar calcium chloride da chloroform, kuma yana rage yawan fibrillation na ventricular.
9. Anti-fibrosis Yana da alaƙa da hana haɓakar fibroblast, rage haɓakar collagen, da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta na antihistamine.
10. Sauran tasirin Dihydroartemisinin yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan Leishmania donovani kuma yana da alaka da kashi.Artemisia annua tsantsa kuma yana kashe Trichomonas vaginalis da lysate amoeba trophozoites.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-19-2019