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Mu gihe kirenga umwaka, Adeola Fowotade yagerageje kwinjiza abantu mu mavuriro yo kuvura COVID-19.Nkuko ari inzobere mu kuvura indwara zo mu bitaro bya kaminuza ya kaminuza ya Ibadan, muri Nijeriya, yifatanyije muri Kanama 2020 kugira ngo agerageze gukora neza. ibiyobyabwenge-guhuriza hamwe. Intego ye ni ugushaka abakorerabushake 50 - abantu basuzumwe na COVID-19 bafite ibimenyetso bitagereranywa kandi bikomeye kandi bashobora kungukirwa na cocktail yibiyobyabwenge.Ariko gutanga akazi birakomeje nubwo Nigeriya yabonye ubwiyongere bwa virusi. muri Mutarama na Gashyantare. Nyuma y'amezi umunani, yari amaze gushaka abantu 44 gusa.
Fowotade yagize ati: "Bamwe mu barwayi banze kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi igihe begereye, ndetse bamwe bemera guhagarika igice cy'urubanza." nka NACOVID, biragoye kurangiza. "Ntabwo twashoboye kuzuza ingano y'icyitegererezo twateganije."
Ibibazo bya Fowotade byerekana ibibazo byugarije ibindi bigeragezo muri Afrika - ikibazo gikomeye kubihugu byo kumugabane wa Afurika bidafite inkingo zihagije za COVID-19. Muri Nijeriya, igihugu gituwe cyane kuri uyu mugabane, abantu 2.7% bonyine nibura nibura gukingirwa igice.Ibi biri munsi gato yikigereranyo cyibihugu biciriritse. Ikigereranyo cyerekana ko ibihugu bya Afrika bitazagira dosiye ihagije yo gukingiza 70% byabatuye umugabane kugeza byibuze muri Nzeri 2022.
Ibyo bisiga inzira nke zo kurwanya icyorezo muri iki gihe.Nubwo imiti nka antibodiyite ya monoclonal cyangwa remdesivir ya antiviral yakoreshejwe mubihugu bikize hanze ya Afrika, iyi miti igomba gukorerwa mubitaro kandi bihenze.Ibihangange bya farumasi Merck yemeye uruhushya rwibiyobyabwenge rushingiye ku binini molnupiravir kubakora aho rushobora gukoreshwa cyane, ariko haracyari ibibazo bijyanye nigiciro bizatangwa biramutse byemejwe.Nkigisubizo, Afrika irabona imiti ihendutse, yoroshye kuboneka bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso bya COVID-19, kugabanya the uburwayi bwindwara kuri sisitemu yubuzima, no kugabanya impfu.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwahuye n'inzitizi nyinshi.Mu bigeragezo bigera ku 2000 bigamije kuvura imiti ya COVID-19, abagera kuri 150 gusa ni bo banditswe muri Afurika, umubare munini muri Egiputa no muri Afurika y'Epfo, nk'uko bitangazwa na clinicaltrials.gov, ububikoshingiro bukorwa na United Ibihugu.Kutagira ibigeragezo ni ikibazo, nk'uko Adeniyi Olagunju, inzobere mu by'imiti muri kaminuza ya Liverpool mu Bwongereza akaba n'umushakashatsi wa NACOVID abivuga. Niba Afurika itabura cyane mu bigeragezo byo kuvura COVID-19, amahirwe yo kubona imiti yemewe ni Ntarengwa, yagize ati: "Ongeraho ibyo ku nkingo nke cyane ziboneka mu rukingo," Oragonju.
Amashyirahamwe amwe aragerageza gukemura iki kibazo. amatsinda yubushakashatsi. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwiswe Repurposing Anti-Infectives for COVID-19 Therapy (ReACT) - buhujwe n’umushinga udaharanira inyungu Medicines for Malaria Venture - bizagerageza umutekano n’akamaro ko gusubiramo ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika yepfo.Ariko ibibazo byo kugenzura, kubura. y'ibikorwa remezo, n'ingorane zo gushaka abitabiriye igeragezwa ni inzitizi zikomeye kuri izo mbaraga.
Umushakashatsi ku rwego rw'igihugu muri ANTICOV muri Mali, Samba Sow yagize ati: "Muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara, gahunda yacu yo kwita ku buzima yarasenyutse." kandi wirinde ibitaro. Kuri we n'abandi benshi biga iyi ndwara, ni uguhangana n'urupfu. "Ntabwo dushobora gutegereza kugeza igihe umurwayi arembye cyane".
Icyorezo cya coronavirus cyazamuye ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro ku mugabane wa Afurika.Umuvuzi w’indwara witwa Duduzile Ndwandwe akurikirana ubushakashatsi ku miti y’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Cochrane Afurika yepfo, igice cy’umuryango mpuzamahanga usuzuma ibimenyetso by’ubuzima, anavuga ko igitabo cy’ubuvuzi cya Pan-African Clinical cyanditseho 606 mu 2020 , ugereranije na 2019 408 (reba 'Ibizamini bya Clinical muri Afrika').Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, yari imaze kwandikisha ibizamini 271, birimo inkingo n’ibiyobyabwenge.Ndwandwe yagize ati: “Twabonye ibigeragezo byinshi byagura COVID-19.”
Nyamara, ibigeragezo byo kuvura coronavirus biracyabura.Muri Werurwe 2020, Ishami ry’ubuzima ku isi (OMS) ryatangije icyiciro cya mbere cya Solidarity Trial, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku isi hose ku buryo bushobora kuvura COVID-19. Gusa ibihugu bibiri bya Afurika byitabiriye icyiciro cya mbere cy’ubushakashatsi Quarraisha Abdool Karim, inzobere mu byorezo by’indwara muri kaminuza ya Columbia mu mujyi wa New York, ufite icyicaro i Durban, muri Afurika y'Epfo, yagize ati: yabivuze, ariko bitanga urwego rwo kugerageza byinshi byo kuvura COVID-19. Muri Kanama, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryatangaje icyiciro gikurikira cy’ikigereranyo cy’ubufatanye, kizagerageza ibindi biyobyabwenge bitatu. Ibindi bihugu bitanu bya Afurika byitabiriye.
Igeragezwa rya NACOVID ryakozwe na Fowotade rigamije gupima imiti ikomatanya ku bantu 98 bo muri Ibadan hamwe n’ahandi hantu hatatu muri Nijeriya.Abantu bari muri ubwo bushakashatsi bahawe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA atazanavir na ritonavir, ndetse n’umuti wa antiparasitike witwa nitazoxanide.Nubwo intego yo gushaka abakozi. Olagunju yavuze ko iyi kipe irimo gutegura inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki kugira ngo isohore kandi yizera ko aya makuru azatanga ibisobanuro ku miti y’ibiyobyabwenge.
Ikigeragezo cyo muri Afurika y'Epfo ReACT, cyatewe inkunga na Seoul na sosiyete ikora imiti yo muri Koreya y'Epfo Shin Poong Pharmaceutical, igamije kugerageza imiti ine isubirwamo: imiti igabanya ubukana artesunate-amodiaquine na pyrrolidine-artesunate;Favipiravir, imiti igabanya ubukana bwa grippe ikoreshwa hamwe na nitre;na sofosbuvir na daclatasvir, imiti igabanya ubukana ikoreshwa mu kuvura hepatite C.
Gukoresha imiti isubirwamo birashimishije cyane kubashakashatsi benshi kuko birashobora kuba inzira ishoboka yo kubona vuba imiti ishobora gutangwa byoroshye.Africa idafite ibikorwa remezo byubushakashatsi bwibiyobyabwenge, iterambere ndetse ninganda bivuze ko ibihugu bidashobora gupima byoroshye ibibyimba bishya nibiyobyabwenge-bitanga umusaruro. Nadia Sam-Agudu, inzobere mu ndwara zanduza abana muri kaminuza ya Maryland ukora mu kigo cya Nijeriya gishinzwe virusi ya muntu i Abuja, avuga ko izo mbaraga ari ingenzi. birashoboka ko [guhagarika] gukomeza kwanduza. ”
Ikigeragezo kinini kuri uyu mugabane, ANTICOV, cyatangijwe muri Nzeri 2020 twizeye ko kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kubuza COVID-19 kutarenga gahunda z’ubuzima zita ku buzima bwa Afurika. Kuri ubu irimo kwinjiza abantu barenga 500 ahantu 14 muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Burkina Faso, Gineya, Mali, Gana, Kenya na Mozambique.Bigamije amaherezo gushaka abantu 3.000 mu bihugu 13.
Umukozi ku irimbi i Dakar, muri Senegali, muri Kanama nkumuhengeri wa gatatu wanduye COVID-19.Inguzanyo yerekana amashusho: John Wessels / AFP / Getty
ANTICOV iri kugerageza efficacy yubuvuzi bubiri buvanze bwagize ibisubizo bivanze ahandi. Iya mbere ivanga nitazoxanide na ciclesonide ihumeka, corticosteroid ikoreshwa mu kuvura asima. Iya kabiri ihuza artesunate-amodiaquine hamwe na antiparasitike ivermectin.
Ikoreshwa rya ivermectin mu buvuzi bwamatungo no kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zitaweho mu turere dushyuha mu bantu byateje impaka mu bihugu byinshi. Abantu ku giti cyabo n’abanyapolitiki basabye ko byakoreshwa mu kuvura COVID-19 kubera ibimenyetso bidahagije na siyansi byerekana akamaro kayo. Bimwe muri byo amakuru ashyigikira ikoreshwa ryayo arakemangwa. Muri Egiputa, ubushakashatsi bunini bushyigikira ikoreshwa rya ivermectin mu barwayi ba COVID-19 bwakuweho na seriveri ya preprint nyuma yo gutangazwa mu gihe havugwa amakosa yo kutubahiriza amakuru no gukopera. (Abanditsi b'ubwo bushakashatsi bavuga ko ababwiriza ntabwo babahaye amahirwe yo kwirwanaho.) Isuzuma riherutse gukorwa na Groupe Yanduye Indwara ya Cochrane ryasanze nta kimenyetso cyemeza ikoreshwa rya ivermectin mu kuvura indwara ya COVID-19 (M. Popp et al. Cochrane Database. Syst. Ibyah 7, CD015017; 2021).
Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft uyobora ubukangurambaga bwa COVID-19 ya DNDi, yavuze ko hari impamvu yemewe yo gupima ibiyobyabwenge muri Afurika. We na bagenzi be bizeye ko bishobora gukora nka anti-inflammatory igihe byafashwe hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana.Niba uku guhuza ari ugasanga ibuze, DNDi yiteguye gupima indi miti.
Salim Abdool Karim, inzobere mu by'indwara akaba n'umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi kuri sida i Durban muri Afurika y'Epfo (CAPRISA) yagize ati: "Ikibazo cya ivermectin cyashyizwe mu bikorwa muri politiki." Ariko niba ibigeragezo muri Afurika bishobora gufasha gukemura iki kibazo cyangwa gutanga umusanzu w'ingenzi. , noneho ni igitekerezo cyiza. ”
Dushingiye ku makuru aboneka kugeza ubu, guhuza nitazoxanide na ciclesonide bisa naho bitanga icyizere, Strub-Wourgaft yagize ati. -Wourgaft yavuze ko ANTICOV yitegura kugerageza ukuboko gushya kandi izakomeza gukoresha amaboko abiri yo kuvura.
Gutangiza ikigeragezo byari ingorabahizi, ndetse no kuri DNDi ufite uburambe ku kazi ku mugabane wa Afurika. Kwemeza kugenzura ni ikibazo gikomeye, nk'uko Strub-Wourgaft yabivuze. uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma rihuriweho n’ubushakashatsi bw’amavuriro mu bihugu 13. Ibi birashobora kwihutisha kwemeza amategeko n’imyitwarire.
Nick White, impuguke mu buvuzi bwo mu turere dushyuha uyobora COVID-19 Clinical Research Consortium, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu gushakira igisubizo COVID-19 mu bihugu bikennye, yavuze ko nubwo gahunda ya OMS yari nziza, Ariko biracyatwara igihe kirekire kugira ngo yemererwe . yagize ati: "Niba ibihugu bishaka ibisubizo bya COVID-19, bigomba gufasha abashakashatsi babo gukora ubushakashatsi bukenewe, ntibababangamire."
Ariko imbogamizi ntizagarukira aho. Igihe igeragezwa ritangiye, kubura ibikoresho n'amashanyarazi bishobora kubangamira iterambere, Fowotade ati igomba kandi gutwara izo ngero kuri Ed Centre, urugendo rw'amasaha abiri kugira ngo zisesengurwe. "Fowotade yagize ati:" Hari igihe mpangayikishwa n'ubusugire bw'izo ngero zabitswe. "
Olagunju yongeyeho ko igihe leta zimwe na zimwe zahagarikaga inkunga ikigo cya COVID-19 cyo kwigunga mu bitaro byabo, gushaka abitabiriye igeragezwa bikaba bigoye. Hatariho ubwo buryo, abarwayi bafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ni bo bonyine. ”Twatangiye igeragezwa dushingiye kuri gahunda y'ubumenyi ya guverinoma muri amafaranga yo gutera inkunga ibigo byita ku barwayi.Nta muntu n'umwe wari witeze ko ahagarikwa. ”Olagunju.
N'ubwo muri rusange ifite imbaraga nyinshi, biragaragara ko Nijeriya ititabira ANTICOV. "Umuntu wese yirinda ibizamini byo kwa muganga muri Nijeriya kuko nta muryango dufite", ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Oyewale Tomori, inzobere mu bijyanye na virusi akaba n'umuyobozi wa COVID-19 muri Minisiteri Ngishwanama ya Minisitiri. Komite y'impuguke, ikora kugirango igaragaze ingamba zifatika nuburyo bwiza bwo guhangana na COVID-19.
Babatunde Salako, umuyobozi w'ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubuvuzi cya Nijeriya i Lagos, ntabyemera.Salako yavuze ko Nijeriya ifite ubumenyi bwo gukora ibizamini by’amavuriro, ndetse no kwinjiza mu bitaro ndetse na komite ishinzwe gusuzuma imyitwarire ihuza ibikorwa byo kwemeza ibizamini by’amavuriro muri Nijeriya. ” amagambo y'ibikorwa remezo, yego, birashobora kuba intege nke;irashobora gukomeza gushyigikira ibizamini byo kwa muganga ”.
Ndwandwe arashaka gushishikariza abashakashatsi benshi bo muri Afurika kwitabira ibizamini by’amavuriro kugira ngo abaturage bayo babone uburyo bungana bwo kwivuza butanga ikizere. Ibigeragezo by’ibanze birashobora gufasha abashakashatsi kumenya imiti ifatika.Bashobora gukemura ibibazo bikenewe mu mikoro make kandi bigafasha kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuzima, nk'uko Hellen Mnjalla abivuga. , umuyobozi wibigeragezo byamavuriro ya Wellcome Trust Research Program muri Kenya Institute of Medical Research i Kilifi.
Ndwandwe yongeyeho ati: "COVID-19 ni indwara nshya yandura, bityo rero dukeneye ibizamini byo kwa muganga kugira ngo twumve uburyo ibyo bikorwa bizakora mu baturage ba Afurika."
Salim Abdul Karim yizeye ko iki kibazo kizashishikariza abahanga bo muri Afurika gushingira kuri bimwe mu bikorwa remezo by'ubushakashatsi byubatswe mu rwego rwo kurwanya icyorezo cya SIDA. ”Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe nka Kenya, Uganda na Afurika y'Epfo byateye imbere cyane mu bikorwa remezo.Ariko ntabwo byateye imbere mu tundi turere ”.
Mu rwego rwo gukaza umurego amavuriro y’ubuvuzi bwa COVID-19 muri Afurika, Salim Abdool Karim arasaba ko hashyirwaho ikigo nka Consortium for Clinical Trials of COVID-19 Inkingo (CONCVACT; cyashyizweho n’ikigo nyafurika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara muri Nyakanga 2020) guhuza ubuvuzi hirya no hino ku mugabane wa Afurika. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika - urwego rw’umugabane uhagarariye ibihugu 55 bigize uyu muryango wa Afurika - byashyizwe mu bikorwa neza. ”Basanzwe babikora ku nkingo, bityo birashobora no kuvurwa.” ati Salim Abdul Karim.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 gishobora kuneshwa gusa binyuze mu bufatanye n’ubufatanye n’ubufatanye buboneye, Sow yagize ati: "Mu kurwanya isi yose kurwanya indwara zanduza, igihugu ntigishobora na rimwe kuba cyonyine - ndetse n’umugabane".
11/10/2021 Ibisobanuro: Inyandiko yabanjirije iyi ngingo yavugaga ko gahunda ya ANTICOV yayobowe na DNDi.Mu byukuri, DNDi ihuza ANTICOV, iyobowe nabafatanyabikorwa 26.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-07-2022