Nko mu 1880, abantu bari barakoze inkingo kugirango birinde mikorobe itera indwara.Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryinkingo, abantu bakomeje kugenzura no kurandura burundu indwara nyinshi zandura nka ibicurane, poliomyelitis, iseru, ibicurane, ibicurane nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, ibintu bishya ku isi biracyari bibi, kandi umubare w’abanduye uragenda wiyongera.Abantu bose bazategereza urukingo, rushobora kuba inzira yonyine yo guca ibintu.Kugeza ubu, inkingo zirenga 200 covid-19 zirimo gutezwa imbere ku isi hose, muri zo 61 zikaba zinjiye mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro.
Urukingo rukora rute?
Nubwo hari ubwoko bwinshi bwinkingo, uburyo bwibikorwa burasa.Mubisanzwe batera udukoko duto duto mu mubiri wumuntu muburyo bwo gutera inshinge (izo virusi zishobora kuba virusi idakora cyangwa virusi igice cya antigene) kugirango iteze imbere umubiri wumuntu gukora antibodies zirwanya iyi virusi.Antibodies zifite ibimenyetso byo kwibuka birinda umubiri.Iyo virusi imwe yongeye kugaragara, umubiri uzahita utanga ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi wirinde kwandura.
Urukingo rushya rw'ikamba rushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu ukurikije inzira za tekiniki zitandukanye za R & D: icya mbere ni inzira ya tekiniki ya kera, harimo urukingo rudakorwa hamwe ninkingo nzima binyuze mu nzira ikomeza;Iya kabiri ni urukingo rwa protein subunit hamwe n urukingo rwa VLP rugaragaza antigen muri vitro hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya gene;Ubwoko bwa gatatu ni urukingo rwa virusi ya virusi (ubwoko bwokwigana, ubwoko butigana) hamwe n urukingo rwa nucleique (ADN na mRNA) hamwe na gene recombination cyangwa kwerekana antigen muri vivo hamwe nibikoresho bya geneti.
Urukingo rushya rufite umutekano muke?
Kimwe nibindi bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bya farumasi, urukingo urwo arirwo rwose rwemerewe kwamamaza rukeneye umutekano mwinshi no gusuzuma neza muri laboratoire, inyamaswa n’ubuvuzi bwa muntu mbere yo kwiyandikisha.Kugeza ubu, abantu barenga 60000 bakingiwe urukingo rwa Xinguan mu Bushinwa, kandi nta ngaruka mbi zigeze zigaragara.Muri rusange ingaruka mbi, nko gutukura, kubyimba, kubyimba no kugira umuriro muke aho bakingiwe, ni ibintu bisanzwe nyuma yo gukingirwa, ntibikeneye kuvurwa bidasanzwe, kandi bizoroherezwa ubwabo muminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu.Kubwibyo, nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa cyane n'umutekano w'urukingo.
Nubwo urukingo rushya rw’ikamba rutaratangizwa ku mugaragaro, kandi imiti igabanya ubukana igomba gukurikiza amabwiriza nyuma yo gutangizwa ku mugaragaro, ukurikije uko uru rukingo rusanzwe, abantu bamwe na bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka mbi iyo bakoresheje urukingo, kandi abaganga bagomba kubazwa birambuye mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Ni ayahe matsinda afite ibyago byinshi byo kwitwara nabi nyuma yo gukingirwa?
1. Abantu bafite allergiki yibigize urukingo (baza abakozi bo kwa muganga);Itegekonshinga rikomeye rya allergique.
2. Igicuri kitagenzuwe nizindi ndwara zifata imyanya ndangagitsina, hamwe naba barwaye syndrome ya Guillain Barre.
3. Abarwayi bafite umuriro mwinshi, kwandura gukabije no kwibasirwa n'indwara zidakira barashobora gukingirwa nyuma yo gukira.
4. Ibindi bivuguruzanya byerekanwe mumabwiriza yinkingo (reba amabwiriza yihariye).
ibintu bikeneye kwitabwaho
1. Nyuma yo gukingirwa, ugomba kuguma kurubuga iminota 30 mbere yo kugenda.Ntukusanyirize hamwe kandi uzenguruke uko ushaka mugihe cyo kuguma.
2. Ahantu ho gukingirwa hagomba guhora humye kandi hasukuye mugihe cyamasaha 24, kandi ugerageze kutiyuhagira.
3. Nyuma yo gukingirwa, niba ikibanza cyatewe gitukura, gifite ububabare, ububabare, umuriro muke, nibindi, bimenyesha abaganga mugihe kandi ubyitegereze neza.
4. Urukingo ruke cyane allergic reaction irashobora kubaho nyuma yo gukingirwa.Mugihe byihutirwa, shaka kwivuza kubakozi ba mbere.
Novel coronavirus pneumonia nigikorwa cyingenzi cyo gukumira indwara yumusonga mushya.
Gerageza kwirinda kujya ahantu huzuye abantu
Kwambara masike neza
koza intoki kenshi
Igihe cyo kohereza: Sep-03-2021