Kwangowe-1880, abantu babephuhlise amayeza okugonya ukuthintela iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic.Ngokuphuhliswa kobugcisa bokugonya, abantu bayaqhubeka nokulawula ngempumelelo kunye nokuphelisa izifo ezininzi ezinzulu ezisulelayo ezifana ne-smallpox, i-poliomyelitis, imasisi, i-mumps, umkhuhlane kunye nokunye.
Sithetha nje, imeko entsha yehlabathi isembi, yaye inani labosulelo liyanda.Wonke umntu uya kujonge phambili kwisitofu sokugonya, enokuthi ibe yeyona ndlela yokuphelisa le meko.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezulu kwe-200 yogonyo lwe-covid-19 luphantsi kophuhliso kwihlabathi liphela, apho abangama-61 bangene kwinqanaba lophando lwezonyango.
Ingaba isitofu sokugonya sisebenza njani?
Nangona zininzi iintlobo zezitofu zokugonya, indlela yokusebenza iyafana.Badla ngokutofa iintsholongwane ezinedosi ephantsi emzimbeni womntu ngendlela yokutofa (ezi ntsholongwane zinokuba yintsholongwane engasebenziyo okanye ii-antigens ezingaphelelanga zentsholongwane) ukukhuthaza umzimba womntu ukuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene nale pathogen.Amajoni omzimba aneempawu zokukhumbula amajoni omzimba.Xa i-pathogen efanayo ibonakala kwakhona, umzimba uya kuvelisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphendula komzimba kunye nokukhusela usulelo.
Isitofu esitsha sesithsaba sinokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-R & D zobugcisa: eyokuqala yindlela yobugcisa yakudala, kubandakanywa isitofu sokugonya esingasebenziyo kunye nesitofu sokugonya esinciphileyo ngokudlula ngokuqhubekayo;Okwesibini sisitofu sokugonya seprotheni kunye nesitofu sokugonya se-VLP esichaza i-antigen in vitro ngeteknoloji yokudibanisa kwakhona imfuza;Uhlobo lwesithathu sisitofu sokugonya se-viral vector (uhlobo lokuphindaphinda, uhlobo olungaphindaphindiyo) kunye ne-nucleic acid (i-DNA kunye ne-mRNA) isitofu esinokuhlanganiswa kwakhona kofuzo okanye ukubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-antigen kwi-vivo enemathiriyeli yemfuzo.
Sikhuseleke kangakanani isitofu esitsha sesithsaba?
Ngokufanayo nezinye iimveliso zamachiza, nasiphi na isitofu sokugonya esinelayisensi yokuthengisa sifuna ukhuseleko olubanzi kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo kwibhubhoratri, izilwanyana kunye nolingo lwezonyango lwabantu ngaphambi kokubhaliswa.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bangaphezulu kwe-60000 abantu abaye bagonywa ngesitofu sokugonya i-Xinguan e-China, kwaye akukho ziphene zibi zibikiweyo.Iziphumo ezibi ngokubanzi, ezinjengobomvu, ukudumba, amaqhuma kunye nomkhuhlane ophantsi kwindawo yokugonywa, zizinto eziqhelekileyo emva kokugonywa, azidingi unyango olukhethekileyo, kwaye ziya kukhululeka ngokwazo kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu.Ke ngoko, akukho mfuneko yakuzikhathaza kakhulu malunga nokhuseleko lwesitofu sokugonya.
Nangona isitofu esitsha sesithsaba singekaqaliswa ngokusemthethweni, kwaye ukuchasana kuya kuba phantsi kwemiyalelo emva kokuba iqaliswe ngokusemthethweni, ngokuhambelana nokuqhelekileyo kwesitofu sokugonya, abanye abantu banomngcipheko omkhulu wokusabela okubi xa usebenzisa isitofu, kwaye abasebenzi bezonyango kuya kuboniswana ngokweenkcukacha phambi kokusetyenziswa.
Ngawaphi amaqela anomngcipheko ophezulu weziphumo ezibi emva kokugonywa?
1. Abantu abangahambisani nezithako kwisitofu sokugonya (bonana nabasebenzi bezonyango);Umgaqo-siseko we-aleji kakhulu.
2. Ukuxhuzula okungalawulekiyo kunye nezinye izifo zenkqubo ye-nervous progressive, kunye nabo baye bahlaselwa yi-Guillain Barre syndrome.
3. Izigulane ezinomkhuhlane obukhali, ukusuleleka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo kunokugonywa kuphela emva kokuba ziphole.
4. Okunye ukuchasana okuchazwe kwimiyalelo yesitofu (jonga imiyalelo ethile).
imiba efuna ingqalelo
1. Emva kokugonywa, kufuneka uhlale kwindawo imizuzu engama-30 phambi kokuba uhambe.Musa ukuqokelela kwaye uhambe ngokuthanda ngexesha lokuhlala.
2. Indawo yokutofa iya kugcinwa yomile kwaye icocekile kwiiyure ezingama-24, kwaye uzame ukungahlambi.
3. Emva kwe-inoculation, ukuba indawo ye-inoculation ibomvu, ibuhlungu, ibuhlungu, i-fever ephantsi, njl., Ingxelo kubasebenzi bezonyango ngexesha kwaye ugcine ngokusondeleyo.
4. Zimbalwa kakhulu izitofu ezinokuthi zenzeke emva kogonyo.Kwimeko yongxamiseko, funa unyango kubasebenzi bezonyango okokuqala.
Inoveli coronavirus inyumoniya linyathelo eliphambili lothintelo lokuthintela inyumoniya entsha yesithsaba.
Zama ukunqanda ukuya kwiindawo ezixineneyo
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hlamba izandla rhoqo
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-03-2021