I-Chloramphenicol Sodium Succinatei-hygroscopic powder emhlophe noma ephuzi-mhlophe.I-1.4 g yento ye-monograph icishe ilingane ne-1 g ye-chloramphenicol.
Ukuqapha
I-Chtoramphenicot iphikisana neziguli ezinomlando wokuzwela ngokweqile noma ukusabela okunobuthi emuthini.Akufanele neze inikezwe i-systemicity yezifo ezincane noma i-prophylaxis.ukuphathwa kanyekanye kwe-chtoramphenicot nezinye izidakamizwa ezicindezela umngcwabo womnkantsha kufanele kugwenywe.Ukuvala okuncishisiwe kufanele kunikezwe iziguli ezinokukhubazeka kwesibindi.I-Chloramphemcol ingase iphazamise ukuthuthukiswa kwamasosha omzimba futhi akufanele inikezwe ngesikhathi sokugonywa okusebenzayo.
Ukusebenzisana
I-Chloramphenicol yenziwa isibindi futhi, ngakho-ke, ingase ihlanganyele nezidakamizwa ezigaywe ngama-enzyme e-hepatic microsomal.Isibonelo, i-chloramphenicol ithuthukisa imiphumela ye-coumarm anticoagulants njenge-dicoumarol ne-warfarin sodium, enye i-hypoglycemic efana ne-chlorpropamide ne-tolbutamide, nama-antiepiteptics njenge-phenytoin, futhi ingase inciphise umzimba we-cuctophosphamufe ngendlela yayo esebenzayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-metabolism ye-chloramphemcol ingase ikhuliswe ngabakhi bama-enzyme esibindi njenge-phenobarbitone noma i-nfampicin.Imiphumela ephikisanayo ibikiwe nge-paracetamol ne-phenytoin.I-Chloramphenicol ingase yehlise imiphumela ye-iron ne-vitamin Bi2 ezigulini ezine-anemia futhi ikhinyabeze isenzo sezinto zokuvimbela inzalo eziphathwayo.
Isenzo se-Antimicrobial
I-Chloramphe.nicol iyimithi elwa namagciwane e-g bacteriostatic witi enochungechunge olubanzi lwesenzo ngokumelene namabhaktheriya e-Gram-posi-tive kanye ne-Gram-negative, kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nokuphatha
V Isibopho, se-chloranphenicol emiphumeleni eyingozi esongela ukuphila, ikakhulukazi i-bone-mar-row aplasia,.inciphise kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo emtholampilo, nakuba isasetshenziswa kabanzi kwamanye amazwe.Akufanele neze kube i-giyen ngokohlelo, ngoba izifo ezincane kanye nezibalo zegazi ezivamile ngokuvamile zinconywa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.I-cephalosporins yesizukulwane sesithathu manje isithandwa eziningi zezinkomba zangaphambili ze-chlorampheniclo.Ngenxa yalokho, kunezinkomba ezimbalwa ezicacile zokusebenzisa i-chloramphenicol.Isetshenziswe ku-typhoid enzima kanye nezinye izifo ze-salmonella, nakuba ingaqedi isimo sokuthola.I-Chloramphenicol ingenye ye-cephalosporin yesizukulwane sesithathu ekwelapheni i-meningitis yebhaktheriya, kokubili ngokomzwelo nangokumelene nezilwanyana ezizwelayo njenge-Haemophtlus tnfluenzae.Isetshenziswe ekwelapheni izifo ezinzima ze-anaerobic, ikakhulukazi emathumba ebuchosheni, nasezifweni ezingaphansi kwe-diaphragm lapho i-Bacteroides fragitis ivame ukuthinteka khona;nokho, ezinye izidakamizwa zivame ukukhethwa.Nakuba ama-tetracyclines ehlala eyindlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo ezifweni ze-rickettsial ezifana ne-typhus kanye ne-s,potted fevers, i-chforamphenicol nayo isetshenziswa njengenye indlela lapho i-tetracyclines, ingenakunikezwa khona.
Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane lapho i-chloramphenicol ingase isetshenziswe njengenye yezinye izidakamizwa ihlanganisa i-anthrax, izifo ezinzima zesistimu nge-Campylobacter fetus, i-ehrlichiosis, i-gastro-ententis enzima, i-gas gangrene, i-granuloma inguinale, izifo ezinzima ze-Haemophitus influenzae ngaphandle kwe-meningitis (isibonelo i-epiglottitis), i-listeriosis, i-metioidosis enzima, isifo (ikakhulukazi uma i-meningitis iqala), i-psittacosis, i-tularaemia (ikakhulu[y lapho kusolwa i-meningitis), nesifo sika-Whipple.Ngoba, imininingwane yalezi zifo kanye nokwelashwa kwazo..
I-Chioramphenicol isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni kwangaphakathi, kwendlebe kanye, ikakhulukazi, izifo zamehlo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eziningi zazo zimnene futhi azikhawuleli.Iphinde isetshenziswe ngokwezihloko m ekwelapheni izifo ze-skm.Imithamo ichazwa ngokwemibandela yesisekelo se-chloramphenicol futhi iyafana noma ilawulwa ngomlomo noma ngomthambo.Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane, umthamo ojwayelekile ngu-5O mg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba nsuku zonke ngemithamo ehlukanisiwe njalo emahoreni ayi-6;kufika ku-100 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye nsuku zonke ingase inikezwe i-m meningitis noma izifo ezinzima ngenxa yezinto eziphilayo ezimelana ngokusesilinganisweni, nakuba le mithamo ephakeme kufanele yehliswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Ukuze kuncishiswe i-nsk yokubuyela emuva kuye kwatuswa ukuthi ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa lesiguli selibuyele kokujwayelekile ezinye izinsuku ezingu-4 izifo ze-nckettsial kanye nezinsuku ezingu-8 kuya kweziyi-10 ku-lever ye-typhoid.
Lapho ingekho enye indlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-çhloramphenicol, ngaphambi kwesikhathi nangesikhathi esigcwele, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinganikezwa imithamo yansuku zonke engu-25 mg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba kanye nezinsana ezigcwele isikhathi esigcwele ezineminyaka engaphezu kwamaviki angu-2, zinganikezwa kufika ku-50 mg. ngekhilogremu ngayinye nsuku zonke, imithamo ehlukanisiwe ye-m 4: Ukukhulisa ukugxila kwe-plasma kubalulekile ukuze, ugweme ubuthi.
Ezigulini ezinokukhubazeka kwe-he.patic noma i-renal inipainnent kakhulu umthamo we-chloramphenicol ungase udinge ukwehliswa ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-cimelabolism noma ukuxoshwa.
Ekwelapheni i-eye mfections i-chloramphenicol ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesixazululo esingu-0.5% noma njenge-1% yamafutha.
Imiphumela Emibi
I-Chloramphemcol ingase ibangele imiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ebulalayo.Okunye ubuthi bayo kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yemiphumela ku-mitochondnal protein synthesis.Umthelela omubi kakhulu we-chloramphemcol ukudangala kwayo komnkantsha, ongathatha izinhlobo ezi-2 ezihlukene.Esokuqala siwukudangala okubuyisela emuva okuhlobene nomthamo okuvamile okwenzeka ngokuvamile lapho ukugxila kwe-plasma-chloramphenicol kudlula u-25 ug permL futhi kubonakala ngezigaba ze-morphological m umongo wethambo, ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwensimbi, i-reticulocylopenia anemia, i-leukopenia kanye ne-thrombocytopenia.Lo mphumela ungase ubangelwe ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamaprotheni ku-mitochomária yamangqamuzana omnkantsha., Ukusabela kwe-Hypersensitivity mctuding rashes, fever, ne-angioedema kungase kwenzeke ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwezihloko;I-anaphylaxis yenzekile kodwa ayivamile, ukusabela okufana no-Jansch-Herxheimer nakho kungase kwenzeke.Izimpawu zamathumbu ezihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nesifo sohudo zingalandela ukuphathwa ngomlomo.Ukuphazamiseka kwezitshalo zomlomo nezamathumbu, kungase kubangele i-stomatitis, i-glossitis, nokuluma korectal, Iziguli zingase zizwe ukunambitheka okubabayo okulandela ukufakwa ngokushesha emthanjeni kwe-chloramphenicot sodium succinate.
Ukweqisa umthamo
I-charcoal haemoperfusion itholwe iphakeme kakhulu kunokushintshaniswa nokumpontshelwa ekubuyiseni igazi le-chloramphenicol, nakuba i-mot ivimbele ukufa ma-mfant onamasonto ayi-7 ubudala one-gray baby syndrome kulandela iphutha le-crosage.
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