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Sekuphele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, u-Adeola Fowotade ezama ukunxenxa abantu ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19. Njengodokotela wezifo ezitholakala e-University College Hospital, e-Ibadan, eNigeria, ujoyine umzamo ngo-Agasti 2020 wokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-off-. Inhloso yakhe ukuthola amavolontiya angama-50 - abantu abatholakala bene-COVID-19 abanezimpawu ezimaphakathi kuya kwezinzima futhi abangazuza ku-cocktail yezidakamizwa. ngo-January nango-February.Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, wayesebuthe abantu abangu-44 kuphela.
"Ezinye iziguli zenqabile ukuhlanganyela ocwaningweni lapho ziza, kanti ezinye zavuma ukuyeka phakathi necala," kusho uFowotade.Lapho izinga lamacala liqala ukwehla ngoMashi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ababambiqhaza.Lokho kwenza ukuqulwa kwamacala, kwaziwa. njenge-NACOVID, kunzima ukuyiqeda.” Asikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nosayizi wesampula ebesiwuhlelile,” esho.Icala laphela ngoSepthemba futhi lasilela ekuqasheni.
Izinkinga zikaFowotade zikhombisa izinkinga ezibhekene nezinye izivivinyo e-Afrika - inkinga enkulu yamazwe ezwekazini angakwazi ukuthola imigomo eyanele ye-COVID-19. ENigeria, izwe elinabantu abaningi kuleli zwekazi, bangamaphesenti angama-2.7 kuphela abantu okungenani ugonywe kancane.Lokhu kungaphansi kancane kwesilinganiso samazwe anengeniso ephansi.Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi amazwe ase-Afrika ngeke abe nemithamo eyanele yokugoma ngokugcwele u-70% wabantu bezwekazi kuze kube okungenani uSepthemba 2022.
Lokho kushiya izinketho ezimbalwa zokulwa nalolu bhubhane njengamanje. Yize izindlela zokwelapha ezinjengama-monoclonal antibodies noma i-antiviral remdesivir ziye zasetshenziswa emazweni acebile angaphandle kwe-Afrika, le mishanguzo idinga ukulawulwa ezibhedlela futhi iyabiza. Isikhondlakhondla sekhemisi i-Merck sivumile ilayisensi yomuthi wayo osuselwa kumaphilisi i-molnupiravir kubakhiqizi lapho ungasetshenziswa khona kakhulu, kodwa kusasele imibuzo yokuthi uzobiza malini uma ugunyazwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Afrika ithola imithi ethengekayo, efinyeleleka kalula enganciphisa izimpawu ze-COVID-19, yehlise ukugula. umthwalo wezifo ezinhlelweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo, futhi wehlise nokufa.
Lokhu kusesha kuhlangabezane nezithiyo eziningi. Ezinhlolweni ezicishe zibe ngu-2,000 njengamanje ezihlola ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-COVID-19, cishe ziyi-150 kuphela ezibhalisiwe e-Afrika, iningi elikhulu e-Egypt naseNingizimu Afrika, ngokusho kwe-clinicaltrials.gov, isizindalwazi esiqhutshwa yi-United. Amazwe.Ukuntuleka kwezivivinyo kuyinkinga, kusho u-Adeniyi Olagunju, usokhemisi wasemtholampilo eNyuvesi yaseLiverpool e-UK kanye nomcwaningi oholayo we-NACOVID.Uma i-Afrika ishoda kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19, amathuba ayo okuthola umuthi ogunyaziwe kuncane kakhulu, uthe. "Ngeza lokho ekutholakaleni okuphansi kakhulu kwemithi yokugoma," kusho u-Oragonju. "Ngaphezu kwanoma yiliphi elinye izwekazi, i-Afrika idinga ukwelashwa okusebenzayo kwe-COVID-19 njengendlela yokukhetha."
Ezinye izinhlangano zizama ukulungisa lokhu kusilela. I-ANTICOV, uhlelo oludidiyelwe yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo iDrugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), okwamanje yisilingo esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika. Ihlola izindlela zokwelapha i-COVID-19 ngaphambi kwesikhathi kabili. amaqembu okuhlola.Olunye ucwaningo olubizwa nge-Repurposing Anti-Infectives for COVID-19 Therapy (ReACT) - oludidiyelwe yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo iMedicines for Malaria Venture - luzohlola ukuphepha kanye nempumelelo kokuphinda kusetshenziswe izidakamizwa eNingizimu Afrika.Kodwa izinselelo zokulawula, ukuntuleka wengqalasizinda, nobunzima ekuqasheni ababambiqhaza bocwaningo yizithiyo ezinkulu kule mizamo.
"E-Afrika engaphansi kwe-Sahara, uhlelo lwethu lokunakekelwa kwezempilo luye lwawa," kusho uSamba Sow, umcwaningi oholayo kazwelonke e-ANTICOV eMali.Lokho kwenza ukuhlolwa kube nzima, kodwa kudingeke nakakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuboneni izidakamizwa ezingasiza abantu abasezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. futhi kuvimbele ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Kuye nakwabanye abaningi abafunda lesi sifo, siwumjaho wokulwa nokufa.” Asikwazi ukulinda kuze kube yilapho isiguli sigula kakhulu,” esho.
Ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus lukhulise ucwaningo lwezempilo ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Udokotela wokugoma uDuduzile Ndwandwe ulandelela ucwaningo ngemithi yokuhlola e-Cochrane South Africa, eyingxenye yenhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ebuyekeza ubufakazi bezempilo, wathi i-Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry yabhalisa izivivinyo zemitholampilo ezingama-606 ngo-2020. , uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2019 408 (bona 'Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo e-Afrika').Ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka, isibhalise izinhlolo ezingama-271, okuhlanganisa nezilingo zokugoma nezidakamizwa.UNdwandwe uthe: “Sibone izilingo eziningi ezandisa izinga le-COVID-19.”
Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo zokwelapha i-coronavirus zisashoda. NgoMashi 2020, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) yethula i-Flagship Solidarity Trial, ucwaningo lomhlaba wonke lwezindlela zokwelapha ezine ezingaba khona ze-COVID-19. Amazwe amabili kuphela ase-Afrika abambe iqhaza esigabeni sokuqala socwaningo. .Inselelo yokulethwa kwezempilo ezigulini ezigula kakhulu ivimbe amazwe amaningi ukuthi ajoyine, kusho uQuarraisha Abdool Karim, udokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe e-Columbia University eNew York City, ezinze eThekwini, eNingizimu Afrika.” Leli yithuba elibalulekile eligejiwe,” uthe, kodwa kubeka inkundla yezinye izivivinyo zokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19. Ngo-Agasti, Inhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba yamemezela isigaba esilandelayo sesivivinyo sobumbano, esizohlola ezinye izidakamizwa ezintathu. Amanye amazwe amahlanu ase-Afrika abambe iqhaza.
Uhlolo lwe-NACOVID olwenziwa yi-Fowotade luhlose ukuhlola inhlanganisela yokwelapha kubantu abangu-98 e-Ibadan nakwezinye izingosi ezintathu e-Nigeria. akuhlangatshezwanga, u-Olagunju uthe ithimba lilungiselela umbhalo wesandla ozoshicilelwa futhi uthemba ukuthi idatha izohlinzeka ngemininingwane ethile ekusebenzeni komuthi.
Uhlolo lwe-South African ReACT, oluxhaswe e-Seoul yinkampani eyenza imithi yaseNingizimu Korea i-Shin Poong Pharmaceutical, luhlose ukuhlola izinhlanganisela zemithi ezine eziphinde zasetshenziswa: imishanguzo yokulwa nomalaleveva i-artesunate-amodiaquine ne-pyrrolidine-artesunate;I-Favipiravir, umuthi ovimbela amagciwane omkhuhlane osetshenziswa uhlanganiswe ne-nitre;kanye ne-sofosbuvir ne-daclatasvir, inhlanganisela elwa namagciwane evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C.
Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa eziphinde zasetshenziswa kukhanga kakhulu abacwaningi abaningi ngoba kungase kube umzila ongenzeka kakhulu wokuthola ngokushesha ukwelashwa okungasatshalaliswa kalula.Ukuntuleka kwe-Afrika kwengqalasizinda yocwaningo lwezidakamizwa, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqiza kusho ukuthi amazwe ngeke akwazi ukuhlola kalula izinhlanganisela ezintsha nemithi ekhiqizwa ngobuningi. .Leyo mizamo ibucayi, kusho uNadia Sam-Agudu, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo zezingane e-University of Maryland osebenza eNigeria Institute of Human Virology e-Abuja.” Uma kuphumelela, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingase zivimbele ukugula okungathi sína nokulaliswa esibhedlela. kungenzeka [bayeke] ukuqhubeka nokudluliselwa,” wengeza.
Isivivinyo esikhulu kunazo zonke kuleli zwekazi, i-ANTICOV, yethulwa ngoSepthemba 2020 ngethemba lokuthi ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela i-COVID-19 ekukhungathekiseni izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezintekenteke e-Afrika. Njengamanje iqasha ababambiqhaza abangaphezu kuka-500 ezindaweni ezingu-14 eDemocratic Republic of Congo, eBurkina. I-Faso, iGuinea, iMali, iGhana, iKenya neMozambique.Ihlose ekugcineni iqashe ababambiqhaza abangu-3,000 emazweni ayi-13.
Isisebenzi emathuneni aseDakar, eSenegal, ngo-Agasti njengegagasi lesithathu lokutheleleka kwe-COVID-19. Ikhredithi yesithombe: John Wessels/AFP/Getty
I-ANTICOV ihlola ukusebenza kahle kwenhlanganisela yokwelashwa okubili okube nemiphumela exubile kwenye indawo.Eyokuqala ihlanganisa i-nitazoxanide ne-ciclesonide ehogeliwe, i-corticosteroid esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifuba somoya. Okwesibili kuhlanganisa i-artesunate-amodiaquine nomuthi ovimbela ukuphazanyiswa kwe-ivermectin.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ekwelapheni kwezilwane kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezithile zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinganakwa kubantu kuye kwabangela impikiswano emazweni amaningi. idatha esekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo iyangabazeka.E-Egypt, ucwaningo olukhulu olusekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ezigulini ze-COVID-19 lwahoxiswa iseva yokunyathelisa ngemva kokuba lushicilelwe phakathi kwezinsolo zokungahambi kahle kwedatha kanye nokukopela.(Ababhali bocwaningo baphikisa ngokuthi abashicileli abazange babanikeze ithuba lokuzivikela.) Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwakamuva kwe-Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group akutholanga bufakazi obusekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ivermectin ekwelapheni ukutheleleka nge-COVID-19 (M. Popp et al. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 7, CD015017; 2021).
U-Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, oqhuba umkhankaso we-DNDi we-COVID-19, uthe kunesizathu esizwakalayo sokuhlola lesi sidakamizwa e-Afrika. kutholakale ukuthi iyashoda, i-DNDi isilungele ukuhlola ezinye izidakamizwa.
"Udaba lwe-ivermectin lufakwe kwezepolitiki," kusho uSalim Abdool Karim, udokotela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe kanye nomqondisi weSikhungo Socwaningo Lwengculazi esizinze eThekwini eNingizimu Afrika (CAPRISA)." , khona-ke kuwumqondo omuhle.”
Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholakalayo kuze kube manje, inhlanganisela ye-nitazoxanide ne-ciclesonide ibonakala ithembisa, kusho u-Strub-Wourgaft.”Sinedatha ekhuthazayo ye-preclinical kanye neyomtholampilo ukusekela ukukhetha kwethu le nhlanganisela, "kusho yena. Ngemva kokuhlaziywa kwesikhashana ngo-September odlule, u-Strub -Wourgaft uthe i-ANTICOV ilungiselela ukuhlola ingalo entsha futhi izoqhubeka nokusebenzisa izingalo ezimbili ezikhona zokwelapha.
Ukuqala isilingo kwakuyinselelo, ngisho naku-DNDi enolwazi olunzulu ngomsebenzi ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.Ukugunyazwa ngokomthetho kuyingqinamba enkulu, kusho u-Strub-Wourgaft.Ngakho-ke, i-ANTICOV, ngokubambisana ne-WHO's African Vaccine Regulatory Forum (AVAREF), yasungula isimo esiphuthumayo. inqubo yokwenza ukubuyekezwa okuhlangene kwezifundo zomtholampilo emazweni angu-13. Lokhu kungasheshisa ukugunyazwa kokulawula nokuziphatha. "Kusivumela ukuthi sihlanganise ndawonye izifunda, abalawuli kanye namalungu ebhodi lokubuyekeza ukuziphatha," kusho uStrub-Wourgaft.
U-Nick White, uchwepheshe wezokwelapha zasezindaweni ezishisayo ongusihlalo we-COVID-19 Clinical Research Consortium, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuthola izixazululo ze-COVID-19 emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi, uthe yize uhlelo lwe-WHO luhle, Kodwa kusathatha isikhathi eside ukuthola imvume. , kanye nocwaningo emazweni anemali ephansi naphakathi nendawo lungcono kunocwaningo emazweni acebile.Izizathu zihlanganisa imithetho eqinile yokulawula kulawa mazwe, kanye neziphathimandla ezingenzi kahle ekuhloleni ukuziphatha nokulawula.Lokho kufanele kushintshe, White "Uma amazwe efuna ukuthola izixazululo ku-COVID-19, kufanele asize abacwaningi bawo ukuthi benze ucwaningo oludingekayo, bangabavimbeli."
Kodwa izinselelo azigcini lapho. Uma sekuqale ukuqulwa kwecala, ukuntuleka kwezinto zokusebenza kanye nogesi kungase kuphazamise inqubekelaphambili, kusho uFowotade. Ugcine amasampula e-COVID-19 efrijini elingu- -20 °C ngesikhathi kunqamuka ugesi esibhedlela sase-Ibadan. futhi idinga ukuthutha amasampula e-Ed Centre, okuyibanga elithatha amahora amabili uma uhamba ngemoto, ukuze ayohlaziywa.” Kwesinye isikhathi ngiye ngikhathazeke ngobuqotho bamasampula agciniwe,” kusho uFowotade.
U-Olagunju wengeze ngokuthi lapho ezinye izifundazwe ziyeka ukuxhasa ngezimali izikhungo zokuhlukaniswa kwabantu yi-COVID-19 ezibhedlela zazo, ukuqasha abahlanganyeli bokuhlolwa kwaba nzima kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinsiza, iziguli ezikwazi ukukhokha kuphela ezingeniswayo.” imali yokuxhasa ngezimali izikhungo zokuzihlukanisa nezokwelashwa.Akekho obelindele ukuthi uzophazamiseka,” kusho u-Olagunju.
Nakuba ngokuvamile inazo zonke izinsiza, iNigeria ngokusobala ayihlanganyeli ku-ANTICOV.” Wonke umuntu uyazigwema izivivinyo zemitholampilo eNigeria ngoba asinayo inhlangano,” kusho u-Oyewale Tomori, udokotela wezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi ongusihlalo we-COVID-19 Ministerial Advisory yaseNigeria. IKomidi Lochwepheshe, elisebenzela ukuhlonza amasu asebenzayo nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokubhekana ne-COVID-19.
UBabatunde Salako, umqondisi we-Nigerian Institute of Medical Research e-Lagos, uyaphika. USalako uthe iNigeria inolwazi lokuqhuba izivivinyo zemitholampilo, kanye nokuqasha esibhedlela kanye nekomidi elihlaziya izimiso zokuziphatha elixhumanisa ukugunyazwa kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo eNigeria.” ngokwemibandela yengqalasizinda, yebo, ingaba buthaka;isengakwazi ukweseka izivivinyo zomtholampilo,” kusho yena.
UNdwandwe ufuna ukukhuthaza abacwaningi abaningi base-Afrika ukuthi bajoyine izivivinyo zemitholampilo ukuze izakhamuzi zakhona zibe nokufinyelela ngokulinganayo ekwelapheni okuthembisayo.Izinhlolo zendawo zingasiza abacwaningi ukuba babone izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo.Bangakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo ezithile ezindaweni ezingenazinsizakusebenza ezincane futhi basize ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo, kusho u-Hellen Mnjalla. , umphathi wezivivinyo zomtholampilo we-Wellcome Trust Research Programme e-Kenya Institute of Medical Research e-Kilifi.
“I-COVID-19 iyisifo esisha esithathelwanayo, ngakho sidinga izivivinyo zomtholampilo ukuze siqonde ukuthi lokhu kungenelela kuzosebenza kanjani kubantu base-Afrika,” kwengeza uNdwandwe.
USalim Abdul Karim wethemba ukuthi le nkinga izogqugquzela ososayensi base-Afrika bakhe phezu kwengqalasizinda yocwaningo eyakhelwe ukulwa nobhubhane lwe-HIV/AIDS.” Amanye amazwe afana neKenya, i-Uganda kanye neNingizimu Afrika anengqalasizinda ethuthuke kakhulu.Kodwa kwezinye izindawo ayikathuthuki,” usho kanje.
Ukuze kuqiniswe izivivinyo zokwelashwa kwe-COVID-19 e-Afrika, uSalim Abdool Karim uhlongoza ukwakhiwa kwe-ejensi efana ne-Consortium for Clinical Trials of COVID-19 Vaccines (CONCVACT; eyakhiwe yi-African Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ngoJulayi 2020) ukuxhumanisa ukwelashwa kulo lonke uhlolo lwezwekazi. I-African Union - indikimba yezwekazi elimele amazwe angamalungu e-Afrika angama-55 - ibekwe kahle ukuthi ithwale lo mthwalo wemfanelo. kusho uSalim Abdul Karim.
Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lunganqotshwa kuphela ngokusebenzisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokubambisana okufanelekile, kusho uSow. "Empini yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo, izwe alisoze laba lodwa - ngisho nezwekazi," kusho yena.
11/10/2021 Incazelo: Inguqulo yangaphambilini yalesi sihloko yathi uhlelo lwe-ANTICOV lwaluqhutshwa i-DNDi. Eqinisweni, i-DNDi ididiyela i-ANTICOV, eqhutshwa ozakwethu abangu-26.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2022