Umphumela wokulwa nomalaleveva we-artemisinin

[Uhlolojikelele]
I-Artemisinin (QHS) iyinoveli ye-sesquiterpene lactone equkethe ibhuloho le-peroxy elihlukanisiwe nemithi ye-herbal yaseShayina i-Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin inesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nobuthi obuphansi.Ine-anti-tumor, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, kanye nemiphumela ye-pharmacological ethuthukisa amasosha omzimba.Inemiphumela ekhethekile ekuhlukunyezweni kobuchopho kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okunonya.Iwukuphela kwesidakamizwa esaziwayo emhlabeni wonke sokulwa nomalaleveva e-China.Sekuwumuthi ofanelekile wokwelapha umalaleveva otuswe yi-World Health Organization.
[Izakhiwo zomzimba nezekhemikhali]
I-Artemisinin iyikristalu yenaliti engenambala enephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-156~157 ° C. Incibilika kalula ku-chloroform, i-acetone, i-ethyl acetate ne-benzene.Iyancibilika ku-ethanol, i-ether, inyibilika kancane ku-petroleum ether ebandayo, futhi cishe ayincibiliki emanzini.Ngenxa yeqembu layo elikhethekile le-peroxy, alizinzile ekushiseni futhi lichithwa kalula ngethonya lezinto ezimanzi, ezishisayo nezinciphisayo.
[Isenzo se-Pharmacological]
1. Umthelela wokulwa nomalaleveva I-Artemisinin inezici ezikhethekile zemithi futhi inomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokwelapha umalaleveva.Esenzweni sokulwa nomalaleveva se-artemisinin, i-artemisinin idala ukuhlakazeka okuphelele kwesakhiwo sesikelemu ngokuphazamisa ulwelwesi-mitochondrial umsebenzi we-parasite kamalaleveva.Ukuhlaziywa okuyinhloko kwale nqubo kungokulandelayo: iqembu le-peroxy esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-artemisinin likhiqiza ama-radicals mahhala nge-oxidation, futhi ama-radicals amahhala abopha iphrotheni kamalaleveva, ngaleyo ndlela esebenza kulwelwesi lwe-protozoa eyi-parasitic, ebhubhisa ulwelwesi, I-nuclear membrane kanye ne-plasma membrane.I-mitochondria ivuvukele futhi ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle luyahlukanisiwe, ekugcineni lucekele phansi ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana nomsebenzi we-parasite ye-malaria.Kule nqubo, ama-chromosome aku-nucleus ye-parasite ye-malaria nawo ayathinteka.Ukuhlolwa kwe-microscope yamehlo ne-electron kubonisa ukuthi i-artemisinin ingangena ngokuqondile kulwelwesi lwe-Plasmodium, olungavimba ngempumelelo ukunikezwa kwezakhi ze-Plasmodium-based host red cell pulp, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise umsebenzi we-membrane-mitochondrial we-Plasmodium ( Kunokuba iphazamise i-folate metabolism, ekugcineni iholela ekuweni okuphelele kwe-parasite kamalaleveva.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-artemisinin futhi kunciphisa kakhulu inani le-isoleucine elimunywe yi-Plasmodium, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni e-Plasmodium.
Ukwengeza, umphumela wokulwa nomalaleveva we-artemisinin nawo uhlobene nomfutho we-oxygen, futhi umfutho we-oxygen ophezulu uzonciphisa ukugxila okusebenzayo kwe-artemisinin ku-P. falciparum ekhuliswe ku-vitro.Ukucekelwa phansi kwe-parasite kamalaleveva yi-artemisinin ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili, eyodwa eyokubhubhisa i-parasite ye-malaria;enye iwukulimaza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu esilwane esiwumalaleveva, okuholela ekufeni kwegciwane likamalaleveva.Umphumela wokulwa nomalaleveva we-artemisinin unomphumela wokubulala oqondile esigabeni se-erythrocyte se-Plasmodium.Awukho umthelela obalulekile ezigabeni zangaphambi nese-extra-erythrocytic.Ngokungafani nezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa nomalaleveva, indlela yokulwa nomalaleveva ye-artemisinin incike ikakhulukazi ku-peroxyl esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-artemisinin.Ukuba khona kwamaqembu e-peroxyl kudlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wokulwa nomalaleveva we-artemisinin.Uma lingekho iqembu le-peroxide, i-artemisinin izolahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo wokulwa nomalaleveva.Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi indlela yokulwa nomalaleveva ye-artemisinin ihlobene eduze nokusabela kokubola kwamaqembu e-peroxyl.Ngaphezu komphumela wayo omuhle wokubulala izimuncagazi zikamalaleveva, i-artemisinin futhi inomphumela othile wokuvimbela kwezinye izimuncagazi.
2. Umthelela wokunqanda isimila I-Artemisinin inemiphumela esobala evimbela ukukhula kwamaseli ahlukahlukene wesimila njengamaseli omdlavuza wesibindi, amaseli omdlavuza wamabele namaseli omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-artemisinin inendlela efanayo yokwenza ngokumelene nomalaleveva kanye ne-anticancer, okungukuthi, ukulwa nomalaleveva kanye nokulwa nomdlavuza ngama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa ukuphuka kwebhuloho le-peroxy esakhiweni samangqamuzana e-artemisinin.Futhi okuphuma okufanayo kwe-artemisinin kuyakhethelwa ukuvinjelwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana esimila.Isenzo se-artemisinin kumaseli wesimila sincike ekufakweni kwe-cell apoptosis ukuze kuqedelwe ukubulawa kwamaseli wesimila.Ngomphumela ofanayo wokulwa nomalaleveva, i-dihydroartemisinin ivimbela ukuqaliswa kwezinto ezibangela i-hypoxia ngokwandisa iqembu le-oksijini elisebenzayo.Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokusebenza kulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana omdlavuza wegazi, i-artemisinin ingandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-calcium engaphakathi kweseli ngokushintsha ukufinyeleleka kolwelwesi lwamangqamuzana ayo, okungagcini nje ngokucupha i-calpain kumaseli we-leukemia, kodwa futhi ikhuthaza ukukhululwa kwezinto ze-apoptotic.Sheshisa inqubo ye-apoptosis.
3. Imiphumela ye-immunomodulatory I-Artemisinin inomphumela wokulawula kumasosha omzimba.Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi umthamo we-artemisinin kanye nokuphuma kwayo ungadali i-cytotoxicity, i-artemisinin ingavimbela kahle i-T lymphocyte mitogen, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibangele ukwanda kwama-spleen lymphocyte kumagundane.I-Artesunate ingakhuphula inani eliphelele lomsebenzi we-serum yegundane ngokuthuthukisa umphumela wokugomela okungaqondile.I-Dihydroartemisinin ingavimbela ngokuqondile ukwanda kwama-lymphocyte e-B futhi inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-autoantibodies ngama-lymphocyte e-B, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukusabela komzimba kwamagciwane.
4. Isenzo se-antifungal Isenzo se-antifungal se-artemisinin sibonakala ekuvimbeleni kwayo isikhunta.I-Artemisinin slag powder kanye ne-decoction inemiphumela eqinile yokuvimbela i-Staphylococcus epidermidis, i-Bacillus anthracis, i-diphtheria kanye ne-catarrhalis, futhi ibe nemiphumela ethile ku-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-Shigella, i-Mycobacterium tuberculosis kanye ne-Staphylococcus aureus.Ukuvinjelwa.
5. I-Anti-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia effect I-Artemisinin ibhubhisa ngokuyinhloko ukwakheka kwe-Pneumocystis carinii membrane system, okubangela ama-vacuoles ku-cytoplasm kanye nephakheji ye-sporozoite trophozoites, ukuvuvukala kwe-mitochondria, ukuphuka kwe-nuclear membrane, ukuvuvukala kwe-endoplasmic reticulum reticulum, i-Intracapsulal reticulum kanye nezinkinga ze-discapsula. izinguquko ze-ultrastructural.
6. Umphumela wokunqanda ukukhulelwa Imithi ye-Artemisinin inobuthi obukhethekile emibungu.Imithamo ephansi ingabangela ukuthi imibungu ife futhi ibangele ukuphuphuma kwesisu.Ingase ithuthukiswe njengemithi yokuhushula isisu.
7. I-Anti-Schistosomiasis Iqembu elisebenzayo le-anti-schistosomiasis yibhuloho le-peroxy, futhi indlela yalo yokwelapha iwukuba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni koshukela we-worm.
8. Imiphumela yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi I-Artemisinin ingavimbela ngokuphawulekayo i-arrhythmia ebangelwa ukuxhunyaniswa komthambo we-coronary, okungase kubambezeleke kakhulu ukuqala kwe-arrhythmia ebangelwa i-calcium chloride ne-chloroform, futhi kunciphise kakhulu i-fibrillation ye-ventricular.
9. I-Anti-fibrosis Ihlobene nokuvimbela ukwanda kwe-fibroblast, ukunciphisa i-collagen synthesis, kanye nokubola kwe-collagen ye-anti-histamine.
10. Eminye imiphumela I-Dihydroartemisinin inomphumela obalulekile wokuvimbela ku-Leishmania donovani futhi ihlobene nomthamo.I-Artemisia annua extract iphinde ibulale i-Trichomonas vaginalis kanye ne-lysate amoeba trophozoites.