Kusukela ngo-1880, abantu base besungule imigomo yokuvimbela ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic.Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugoma, abantu bayaqhubeka nokulawula ngempumelelo nokuqeda izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo ezinzima ezifana ne-smallpox, i-poliomyelitis, isimungumungwane, i-mumps, umkhuhlane nokunye.
Njengamanje, isimo esisha somhlaba wonke sisamuncu, futhi inani labantu abangenwa izifo liyakhula.Wonke umuntu uzowulangazelela umgomo, okungaba ukuphela kwendlela yokunqamula lesi simo.Kuze kube manje, imithi yokugomela i-covid-19 engaphezu kuka-200 esathuthukiswa emhlabeni wonke, engama-61 yayo ingene esigabeni socwaningo lwemitholampilo.
Usebenza kanjani umgomo?
Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokugoma, indlela yokusebenza iyefana.Ngokuvamile bajova amagciwane anethamo eliphansi emzimbeni womuntu ngendlela yokujova (lawa ma-pathogen angase abe ama-virus angasebenzi noma ama-antigen ayingxenye yegciwane) ukuze akhuthaze umzimba womuntu ukuthi ukhiqize amasosha omzimba amelene naleli pathogen.Ama-antibodies anezici zenkumbulo yokuzivikela komzimba.Lapho i-pathogen efanayo ivela futhi, umzimba uzokhiqiza ngokushesha impendulo yokuzivikela futhi uvimbele ukutheleleka.
Umuthi omusha wokugomela umqhele ungahlukaniswa ube izigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngemizila yezobuchwepheshe ye-R & D eyahlukene: owokuqala umzila wezobuchwepheshe wakudala, ohlanganisa umgomo ongasebenzi kanye nomuthi wokugoma onciphile ngokudlula ngendlela eqhubekayo;Owesibili umuthi wokugoma we-protein subunit kanye nomgomo we-VLP oveza i-antigen in vitro ngobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwezakhi zofuzo;Uhlobo lwesithathu umuthi wokugomela i-viral vector (uhlobo lokuphindaphinda, uhlobo olungaphindaphindi) kanye nomgomo we-nucleic acid (i-DNA ne-mRNA) onokuhlanganiswa kabusha kofuzo noma ukuvezwa okuqondile kwe-antigen ku-vivo enezinto zofuzo.
Uphephe kangakanani umgomo omusha womqhele?
Ngokufanayo neminye imikhiqizo yemithi, noma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma onelayisensi yokumaketha udinga ukuhlolwa okubanzi kokuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo elabhorethri, izivivinyo zemitholampilo yezilwane nezabantu ngaphambi kokubhaliswa.Kuze kube manje, bangaphezu kuka-60000 abantu asebegonywe ngomjovo we-Xinguan e-China, futhi akukho ukusabela okubi okubi okubikiwe.Ukusabela okungekuhle okujwayelekile, njengokubomvu, ukuvuvukala, izigaxa kanye nomkhuhlane ophansi endaweni yokugoma, kuyizinto ezijwayelekile ngemuva kokugoma, azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile, futhi zizokhululeka ngokwazo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu.Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka kakhulu ngokuphepha komgomo.
Yize umuthi wokugoma omusha ungakaqalwa ngokusemthethweni, futhi ukungqubuzana kuzoba ngaphansi kwemiyalelo ngemuva kokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni, ngokuya ngokujwayelekile komgomo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokusabela kabi lapho besebenzisa umuthi wokugoma, futhi abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazothintwa ngokuningiliziwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Imaphi amaqembu anengcuphe ephezulu yokusabela kabi ngemva kokugoma?
1. Abantu abangezwani nezithako zomuthi wokugoma (bonana nabasebenzi bezokwelapha);Umthethosisekelo we-allergic onzima.
2. Isifo sokuwa esingalawuleki kanye nezinye izifo zesimiso sezinzwa eziqhubekayo, nalabo abaye baphathwa yi-Guillain Barre syndrome.
3. Iziguli ezinomkhuhlane oyingozi, izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nokuhlasela kwezifo ezingapheli zingagonywa kuphela ngemva kokululama.
4. Okunye ukuphikisana okushiwo emiyalweni yokugoma (bona imiyalelo ethile).
izindaba ezidinga ukunakwa
1. Ngemuva kokugoma, kufanele uhlale endaweni imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.Ungabuthani futhi uhambe ngokuthanda kwakho ngesikhathi sokuhlala.
2. Indawo yokujova kufanele igcinwe yomile futhi ihlanzekile kungakapheli amahora angama-24, bese uzama ukungagezi.
3. Ngemuva kokujova, uma indawo yokujova ibomvu, ibuhlungu, ibuhlungu, imfiva ephansi, njll., Bika abasebenzi bezokwelapha ngesikhathi futhi uqaphele ngokucophelela.
4. Kumbalwa kakhulu ukungezwani nomuthi wokugoma okungenzeka ngemva kokugonywa.Esimeni esiphuthumayo, funa ukwelashwa kubasebenzi bezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokuqala.
I-Novel coronavirus pneumonia iyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukuvimbela inyumoniya entsha yomqhele.
Zama ukugwema ukuya ezindaweni eziminyene
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geza izandla njalo
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2021