Ukushisa okudlulele kuyingozi kuwo wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile nabakhubazekile, kanye nalabo abahlala emakhaya asebekhulile. Phakathi namagagasi okushisa, lapho amazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokungavamile ephikelela izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, kungabulala. Cishe abantu abangaphezu kuka-2,000 bafa ngesikhathi kushisa i-10- Eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNgilandi ngo-August 2003.Labo abanengozi enkulu yokufa eyandayo yilabo abasemakhaya asebekhulile.Uhlolo lwakamuva lukahulumeni wase-UK lwengozi yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu luphakamisa ukuthi ihlobo elizayo lizoshisa nakakhulu.
Leli phepha lamaqiniso lisebenzisa imininingwane yohlelo lwe-Heatwave.Lakhela phezu kokwazi kwethu e-England kanye nezeluleko zochwepheshe ezivela kwi-World Health Organization (WHO) kanye nephrojekthi ye-EuroHEAT ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zamagagasi okushisa kwamanye amazwe.Kuyingxenye yohlelo lukazwelonke lokunciphisa ubungozi bezempilo ngokweluleka abantu ngaphambi kokuba kube namagagasi okushisa.
Kufanele usifunde lesi sihloko uma usebenza noma uphethe ikhaya lasebekhulile ngoba abantu bakhona basengozini ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-heatwave.Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi wenze amalungiselelo akuleli phepha lamaqiniso ngaphambi kokulindela igagasi lokushisa.Imiphumela yamazinga okushisa aphezulu iyashesha futhi amalungiselelo asebenzayo kufanele athathwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Leli phepha lamaqiniso lichaza izindima nemisebenzi edingekayo ezingeni ngalinye.
Lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lesikhumba, okuwukuphela kwendlela ephumelelayo yokukhipha ukushisa esebenzayo ukujuluka.Ngakho-ke, noma yini enciphisa umphumela wokujuluka, njengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukuntuleka komoya, izingubo ezimpintshayo, noma imithi ethile, ingabangela umzimba ukuba Ukushisa ngokweqile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thermoregulation elawulwa yi-hypothalamus ingase iphazamiseke kubantu abadala asebekhulile kanye nabantu abanezifo ezingapheli, futhi ingase iphazamiseke kubantu abaphuza imithi ethile, okwenza umzimba uthambekele ekushiseni. mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuncipha kwezindlala zomjuluko, kodwa nangenxa yokuhlala uwedwa futhi usengozini yokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokugula nokufa phakathi namagagasi okushisa yizifo zokuphefumula kanye nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokufa kwamasonto onke kwabonwa eNgilandi ehlobo lika-2006, nokufa okulinganiselwa ku-75 okwengeziwe ngeviki ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokushisa ngakunye. isizathu sokwenyuka kwezinga lokufa kungase kube ukungcoliswa komoya, okwenza izimpawu zokuphefumula zibe zimbi nakakhulu.Esinye isici esiyinhloko umphumela wokushisa ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Ukuze uhlale upholile, igazi eliningi lizungeza esikhunjeni.Lokhu kungagcizelela inhliziyo, nakubantu abadala asebekhulile kanye nabantu abanezinkinga zempilo yesikhathi eside, kungaba okwanele ukuqala umcimbi wenhliziyo.
Ukujuluka nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungathinta ibhalansi ye-electrolyte.Kungase futhi kube yingozi kubantu abaphuza imithi elawula ibhalansi ye-electrolyte noma umsebenzi wenhliziyo.Imithi ethinta ikhono lokujuluka, ukulawula izinga lokushisa komzimba, noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte ingenza umuntu athole ukushisa. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zihlanganisa i-anticholinergics, i-vasoconstrictors, i-antihistamines, izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwezinso, izidakamizwa ezikhipha isisu, izidakamizwa ze-psychoactive, nezidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive.
Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakanyisiwe le-ambient kanye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi okuhambisana nakho kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane angenayo i-Gram-negative, ikakhulukazi i-Escherichia coli. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 basengozini enkulu, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abadala badla uketshezi olwanele ngesikhathi sokushisa okushisayo ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
Izifo ezihlobene nokushisa zichaza imiphumela yokushisa ngokweqile emzimbeni, okungaba yingozi ngendlela yokushisa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela eyinhloko yezimpawu ezihlobene nokushisa, ukwelashwa kuhlale kufana—hambisa isiguli endaweni epholile futhi usiyeke siphole.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokugula nokufa ngesikhathi sokushisa yizifo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezifo ezithile ezihlobene nokushisa, okuhlanganisa:
I-Heatstroke - ingaba iphuzu lokungabuyi, izindlela zokulawula ukushisa komzimba zihluleka futhi kubangele isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, esinezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
I-Heatwave Plan ichaza uhlelo lokuqapha impilo eshisayo esebenza eNgilandi kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNhlangulana kuya kumhlaka-15 Septhemba unyaka ngamunye.Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Bureau of Meteorology ingase ibikezele amagagasi okushisa, kuye ngezibikezelo zamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku kanye nobude bawo.
Uhlelo lokuqapha impilo eshisayo luqukethe amazinga ayinhloko angu-5 (amazinga 0 kuya ku-4).Izinga 0 liwuhlelo lonyaka wonke lokuhlela ukuthatha izinyathelo zesikhathi eside zokunciphisa izingozi zempilo uma kushisa kakhulu. Amazinga 1 kuya ku-3 asekelwe emazingeni okushisa emini nasebusuku njengoba kuchazwe yi-Bureau of Meteorology. Lokhu kuyehluka ngokwezifunda, kodwa izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lingama-30ºC emini kanye no-15ºC ebusuku. izimo zezulu.Imininingwane yezinga lokushisa lesifunda ngasinye inikezwe kuSijobelelo 1 soHlelo Lwegagasi Lokushisa.
Ukuhlela isikhathi eside kuhlanganisa umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe unyaka wonke ukunciphisa umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo obangelwa amagagasi okushisa.Lokhu kuhilela ukuthonya ukuhlelwa kwedolobha ukuze kugcinwe izindlu, izindawo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokuthutha kanye nendawo eyakhelwe kuyo ipholile futhi iyonga amandla.
Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle nezempilo zidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqwashisa kanye nokulungela isimo kuyagcinwa ngokuqalisa izinyathelo ezivezwe ohlelweni lwe-heatwave.
Lokhu kuqalwa lapho i-Bureau of Meteorology ibikezela ithuba elingu-60% lokuthi amazinga okushisa ayoba phezulu ngokwanele ukuze abe nomthelela omkhulu wezempilo okungenani izinsuku ezingu-2 zilandelana. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3 ngaphambi kwesenzakalo esilindelekile. Ngokufa kukhula ngokushesha ngemva kokufudumala. amazinga okushisa, nokufa kwabantu abaningi ezinsukwini ezi-2 zokuqala, lesi yisigaba esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukulungiselela kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo sokunciphisa ukulimala okuvela kumagagasi okushisa angaba khona.
Lokhu kuqalwa uma i-Bureau of Meteorology iqinisekisa ukuthi noma yisiphi isifunda esisodwa noma ngaphezulu sesifinyelele izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe.Lesi sigaba sidinga izenzo ezithile eziqondise amaqembu asengozini enkulu.
Lokhu kufinyelelwa uma i-heater inzima kakhulu futhi/noma inde kangangokuthi umthelela wayo udlulela ngalé kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokunakekelwa komphakathi. Ihhovisi likaNobhala Lokusabela Ezimeni Eziphuthumayo (Ihhovisi LeKhabhinethi).
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kwenziwa ukuze kunikeze indawo ephephile kumakhasimende uma kwenzeka igagasi lokushisa.
Lungiselela izinhlelo zokuqhubeka zebhizinisi zemicimbi yegagasi lokushisa (isb, ukugcinwa kwezidakamizwa, ukutholwa kwekhompyutha).
Sebenzisana nozakwethu nabasebenzi ukuqwashisa ngemithelela yokushisa okudlulele nokunciphisa ukuqwashisa ngengozi.
Hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukufaka umthunzi emafasiteleni, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhethini anemigqa ekhanyayo ekhanyayo kunezimpumputhe zensimbi namakhethini anemigqa emnyama, okungenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu - uma efakiwe, hlola ukuthi angakwazi yini ukuphakanyiswa.
Faka umthunzi wangaphandle ngendlela yezivalo, umthunzi, izihlahla, noma izitshalo ezinamaqabunga;upende okhanyayo ungasiza futhi ukugcina izakhiwo zipholile.Khulisa uhlaza lwangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhonkolo, njengoba ukhulisa umswakama futhi usebenza njengesibasi-moya semvelo esisiza ekupholiseni.
Izindonga zemigodi nokufakwa kwe-attic kusiza ukugcina izakhiwo zifudumele ebusika futhi zipholile ehlobo – thintana nesikhulu sikahulumeni wokonga ugesi wendawo noma inkampani yakho yamandla ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi izibonelelo ezitholakalayo.
Dala amagumbi apholile noma izindawo ezipholile.Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola ukushisa ngokomzimba bakuthola kunzima ukuzipholisa ngokuphumelelayo uma izinga lokushisa selikhuphukela ngaphezu kuka-26°C. Ngakho-ke, wonke amakhaya asebekhulile, asebekhulile kanye nendawo yokuhlala kufanele akwazi ukunikeza igumbi noma indawo egcinwe ku-26°C noma ngaphansi.
Izindawo ezipholile zingathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa i-shading efanele yangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukungena komoya, ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zasendlini nezangaphandle, kanye ne-air conditioning lapho kudingeka.
Qiniseka ukuthi abasebenzi bayazi ukuthi yimaphi amagumbi okulula ukuwagcina epholile futhi yimaphi anzima kakhulu, futhi uhlole ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo ngokuya ngamaqembu asengozini kakhulu.
Ama-thermometer angaphakathi kufanele afakwe kuwo wonke amagumbi (amakamelo okulala nezindawo zokuhlala nezokudlela) lapho abantu abasengozini bechitha isikhathi esiningi - izinga lokushisa langaphakathi kufanele liqashwe njalo ngesikhathi sokushisa kwamagagasi.
Uma amazinga okushisa engaphansi kuka-35ºC, ifeni kagesi ingase inikeze impumuzo okuthile (qaphela, sebenzisa isiphephetha-moya: emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-35ºC, ifeni ingase ingavimbeli izifo ezihambisana nokushisa. Ukwengeza, izifeni zingabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi ngokweqile; kunconywa ukuthi kubekwe izifeni endaweni efanele Kugcine kude nabantu, ungakubhekiseli ngqo emzimbeni futhi uphuze amanzi njalo – lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezilele embhedeni).
Qinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi zikhona futhi ziyasetshenziswa njengoba kudingeka (kufanele kube nabasebenzi abenele ukuze bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele uma kwenzeka kuba ne-heatwave).
Nikeza ikheli le-imeyili kusiphathimandla sendawo noma isikhulu sokuhlela izimo eziphuthumayo se-NHS ukuze kuqhutshwe ukudluliswa kolwazi oluphuthumayo.
Hlola ukuthi amanzi neqhwa kutholakala kabanzi—qiniseka ukuthi unosawoti wokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni womlomo, ijusi yewolintshi, nobhanana ukuze usize ukugcina ibhalansi ye-electrolyte ezigulini ezikhipha amanzi emzimbeni.
Ngokubonisana nezakhamuzi, hlela ukulungisa amamenyu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokudla okubandayo (okungcono ukudla okunamanzi amaningi, njengezithelo namasaladi).
Qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi ubani osengozini enkulu (bona amaqembu asengozini enkulu) – uma ungaqiniseki, buza umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko futhi ukubhale phansi ohlelweni lwakhe lokunakekela komuntu siqu.
Qiniseka ukuthi unezimiso eziyisisekelo zokuqapha izakhamuzi ezisengozini enkulu futhi unikeze ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe nokusekelwa (kudinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa legumbi, izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni).
Buza u-GP wezakhamuzi ezisengozini mayelana nezinguquko ezingaba khona ekwelapheni noma emithini ngesikhathi se-heater, futhi ubuyekeze ukusebenzisa kwezakhamuzi imithi eminingi.
Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-26ºC, amaqembu asengozini enkulu kufanele ahanjiswe endaweni epholile engu-26ºC noma ngaphansi - ezigulini ezinganyakazi noma okungenzeka ukuthi ziphazamiseke kakhulu, thatha izinyathelo zokuzipholisa (isb, uketshezi, izinto zokusula ezibandayo) kanye ukwandisa ukuqapha.
Zonke izakhamuzi ziyelulekwa ukuthi zithintane nodokotela wazo mayelana nezinguquko ezingase zibe khona ekwelashweni kanye/noma emithini;cabanga ukunikeza oral rehydration salts kulabo abathatha imithamo ephezulu ye-diuretics.
Hlola izinga lokushisa legumbi njalo ngesikhathi esishisa kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kuhlala khona isiguli.
Qalisa izinhlelo zokugcina ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi - okuhlanganisa ukwanda okungenzeka kwesidingo samasevisi.
Ukwandisa umthunzi wangaphandle - ukufafaza amanzi ezitezi ezingaphandle kuzosiza ukupholisa umoya (ukugwema ukudala ingozi yokushelela, hlola imingcele yendawo yesomiso ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amapayipi).
Vula amafasitela ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lehla ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi - lokhu kungase kube sebusuku kakhulu noma ekuseni kakhulu.
Khubaza izakhamuzi ekuzilolongeni nasekuphumeni ngezikhathi ezishisa kakhulu zosuku (11am kuya ku-3pm).
Hlola izinga lokushisa legumbi ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nesikhathi esishisa kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kuhlala khona isiguli.
Sebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinga lokushisa lasebusuku elipholile ngokupholisa isakhiwo ngokungenisa umoya.Yehlisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngokucisha izibani ezingadingekile nezinto zikagesi.
Cabangela ukuhambisa amahora okuvakasha uye ekuseni nakusihlwa ukuze unciphise ukushisa kwantambama okuvela ezixukwini ezikhulayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-27-2022